PubMed · 1184616
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P J Shires, A L Hines, T Okabe. 1975. Comments on diffusion coefficients from weight loss data.. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820090615
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Decomposition of phenol at a concentration as high as 2 wt.% was effected by supercritical water oxidation at 25 MPa. Reaction temperatures ranged from 623-723 K and residence times were varied from 6.5 to 26 s. Oxygen was added in an equivalent amount to investigate reaction intermediates. The degree of phenol decomposition and reaction product were measured. Although tarry material production was observed, phenol decomposition conversion was predicted well by the reaction rate equations developed by previous researchers who conducted experiments at lower concentrations. Difference from low concentration phenol oxidation was found in the reaction product distribution and tarry material production. One possible explanation for this result is that the initiation of phenol decomposition is the same regardless of phenol concentration but that the succeeding radical reactions are different. The additive reaction between aromatic compounds was enhanced by high phenol concentration.
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Most of the energy deposited in cells by ionizing radiation is channeled into the production of abundant free secondary electrons with ballistic energies between 1 and 20 electron volts. Here it is shown that reactions of such electrons, even at energies well below ionization thresholds, induce substantial yields of single- and double-strand breaks in DNA, which are caused by rapid decays of transient molecular resonances localized on the DNA's basic components. This finding presents a fundamental challenge to the traditional notion that genotoxic damage by secondary electrons can only occur at energies above the onset of ionization, or upon solvation when they become a slowly reacting chemical species.