PubMed · 11838997
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Nicky Paull, Dick Sibley, Julian Wells, Andrew Scott. 2002-01-26. Pharmacy courses.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11838997/
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential contribution of a new healthcare practice model, the specialist menopause pharmacist (SMP) role. METHOD: Post pilot, the SMP's remit was proposed as combining clinical practice (service delivery) and research studies, with emphasis on strengthening liaison between the secondary and primary care sectors. Action research, a qualitative research technique, was selected to document role development in the first year. Here the pharmacist-researcher's focus was a local situation where the effects of a particular change, involving people who were part of the situation, were assessed. The change factor was the introduction of the pharmacist to the multi-disciplinary specialist team. The pharmacist-researcher did not attempt to hold anything constant but observed the changes occurring in a systematic manner. Analysis of on-going collaborative professional activity generated the hypothesis that the role was of use in enhancing patient care. Using triangulation and focusing on the descriptive phrase 'of use', it was then possible to study SMP implemented 'actions' that would be accepted as being 'useful' SMP functions. The aim was to test for reliability and obtain data with greater range and accuracy. The three studies undertaken included a controlled, questionnaire study asking for patients' views on the pharmacist service, auditing health professionals usage of the pharmacist operated telephone help-line, and assessing the impact of structured on-site training on community pharmacists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Overall impact and achievements over 3 years, against a background where the SMP role continued to develop during the study. RESULTS: Action research methodology engendered reflective practice, enabling the SMP to be both the service delivery provider (the intervention) and the researcher. This pharmacist practice model is accepted both by patients and health professional colleagues. The remit combines clinical practice with on-going research studies. In the UK setting, the SMP can undertake numerous liaison activities between secondary and primary care sectors to facilitate enhanced delivery of menopause patient care. CONCLUSION: Using an action research approach, and combining qualitative and quantitative methods to complement data collection, it was possible to assess the specialist pharmacist role in depth.
PURPOSE: The causes, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis in specific populations are discussed. SUMMARY: Osteoporosis and osteopenia affect 44 million women and men ages 50 years or older. Fractures are the most devastating consequence of this disease and significantly affect quality of life, activities of daily living, survival, and health care costs. Most osteoporosis research has focused on postmenopausal women, but several other populations are at risk for osteoporosis, such as patients taking certain medications that affect bone health and those with various health conditions that cause bone loss, including anorexia nervosa, hyperthyroidism, organ transplantation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Glucocorticoids are the most common secondary cause of osteoporosis. Other medications that have been implicated as secondary causes include anticonvulsants, heparin, warfarin, and methotrexate. Preventing osteoporosis may be even more important in adolescence than after menopause. CONCLUSION: Osteoporosis needs to be recognized, monitored, and appropriately treated in patients taking medications that affect bone health and in patients with conditions that increase the risk of osteoporosis.
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