Search PubMed⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 11639177

[Not Available].

A Lualdi
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

A biographical inventory of Italian scientific instrument makers has been conducted through extensive research in public and private collections throughout the world. The time-span is comprised between the 16th and the 18th centuries for each maker information about his signed and dated instruments, categories, collections and references has been given. As the first attempt of a listing of Italian makers, it must be considered as a work in progress. In a short time the text will be transferred on Internet to allow new additions and the corrections brought by the continuation of research.

Explore related subjects

Equipment and SuppliesHistory, 16th CenturyHistory, 17th CenturyHistory, 18th CenturyItalyScienceTechnologyEnglish AbstractHistorical ArticleJournal Article

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

A Lualdi. 2000. [Not Available].. https://doi.org/10.1163/221058700x00483

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2026

An impact assessment of the European medical device regulations implementation - the current status quo.

BACKGROUND: This research aims to assess the current impact of the medical and in-vitro diagnostic devices regulations (MDR/IVDR) on the device industry in the EU, under the lens of postimplementation and the amending regulation, and in advance of the final transition to the IVDR/MDR in the future. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A quantitative survey was administered to a diverse cohort of medical device enterprises, ranging from micro to large organizations. RESULTS: The survey indicates that the MDR/IVDR has harmed innovation, leading many manufacturers to seek initial device approval and launch elsewhere before in Europe. There is evidence that some manufacturers have rationalized their existing product portfolios and removed devices from the market as they stated they would in previous industry surveys. The MDR/IVDR has been shown to negatively impact manufacturers, with increased costs related to notified body (NB) fees, maintaining and updating documentation, recertification fees, and hiring additional staff. CONCLUSION: This study provides a current status of the effects of MDR/IVDR on manufacturers and finds that despite amending regulations and other interventions taken by the EU to mitigate regulatory burden, ensure product availability, and address stakeholder concerns, the EU is no longer the market of choice for new products.

Equipment and Supplies↗
PubMed2007

In vitro pyrogen test--A new test method for solid medical devices.

Medical devices manufactured for implantation into humans must be free of any contamination with viable bacteria. However, remnants of dead bacteria and bacterial components alone may induce an inflammatory immune response. Pyrogen tests for such inflammatory contaminations are generally performed either by determining the content of lipopolysaccharide in rinsing solutions of batch samples by limulus amoebocyte lysate assay, by injecting the rinsing solutions into rabbits or by implanting batch samples into rabbits and measuring change of body temperature. In this study, we show that the in vitro pyrogen test (IPT), which measures the release of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta in fresh or cryopreserved human whole blood, can be used to assess the pyrogenic contamination of implantable medical devices. This test was used to check neurosurgical implants, namely aneurysm clips, as a proof of principle. Owing to the direct contact of the test material with the blood cells, this test does not require rinsing procedures, which have variable efficacy. The use of human blood ensures the detection of all substances that are pyrogenic for humans and reflects their relative potency. The safety of the products as delivered could be confirmed. The effects of sterilization and depyrogenization procedures on intentional pyrogenic contaminations of samples could be followed. This new application of the already internationally validated method promises to replace further rabbit pyrogen tests. It generates extremely sensitive results with an extended range of detectable pyrogenic contaminants.

Equipment and Supplies↗