PubMed · 11638820
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M Rihova. 1998. [Not Available].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11638820/
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AIM: To describe in detail changes in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in the Czech Republic during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Another objective is molecular analysis of S. pneumoniae isolates of serotypes 3 and 19A recovered in the Czech Republic between 2018 and 2024. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease and S. pneumoniae serotypes were obtained from the invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance program in the Czech Republic. S. pneumoniae isolates of serotypes 3 (63) and 19A (66) from 2018-2024 were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) to characterize the GPSCs (Global Pneumococcal Sequence Clusters) and STs (sequence types) and place them in a global context. RESULTS: Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant decline was observed in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in the Czech Republic. Following the pandemic, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease rose again to significantly higher levels than before the pandemic. Compared to the 2018–2019 period, the incidence of certain serotypes increased in 2023–2024, including vaccine serotypes 3, 4, 14, and 15B, while the incidence of serotypes 8, 12F, and 15A, among others, decreased. Whole genome sequencing analysis demonstrated the dominance of GPSC12 ST-180 among serotype 3 isolates throughout the study period. Among serotype 19A isolates, GPSC4 prevailed, particularly ST-416. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated how rapidly the epidemiological situation of invasive pneumococcal disease can change and that continuous, systematic surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease is necessary. The best prevention against invasive pneumococcal disease is vaccination, primarily with higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
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The content and the isotopic composition of lead (Pb) were studied in a peat deposit on the ridge of the Brdy Hills, in the vicinity of the Príbram metallurgical works, in the Czech Republic. Quadrupole ICP MS was employed to determine the elemental composition and (206)Pb/(207)Pb and (208)Pb/(206)Pb isotope ratios. The individual layers were dated using alpha spectrometric measurement of the (210)Pb activity. The historical time period covered by the studied cores reached back to the 18th century. The Pb concentration in the studied profiles varied from 10 to 550 mg kg(-1). The (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratio varied in the range from 1.154 to 1.194 in the individual parts of the profile. The metallurgy of the Pb ores ((206)Pb/(207)Pb approximately 1.16), lithogenic Pb ((206)Pb/(207)Pb approximately 1.2), metallurgical processing of automobile batteries ((206)Pb/(207)Pb approximately 1.17) and the combustion of coal ((206)Pb/(207)Pb approximately 1.17-1.19) yield isotopic signatures that determine the isotope compositions of the individual profiles. Deposition rates between 15 mg m(-2) year(-1) at the beginning of the 19th century and 320 mg m(-2) year(-1) in the 1980s were determined in the dated profiles. The increased deposition rates determined on the dated profiles correspond to the increasing production of Pb ores in the Príbram mining area at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The maximum for metallurgical production corresponds to the highest deposition rates recorded in 1960s and 1970s. The current deposition rate of 5-89 mg m(-2) year(-1) Pb is related to erosion of contaminated soils and waste dumps.