PubMed · 11635004
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E G Ossieur. 1972. [Not Available].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11635004/
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PURPOSE: Precision medicine, also known as personalized medicine, enables the provision of tailored health services to patients. In the prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancers, precision medicine is highly promising, given the increasing use of genomic profiling for diagnosis and adapting therapies in several tumor types. Artificial Intelligence (AI) can support this process by analyzing vast amounts of relevant data. However, high-quality data and financial investments in the health system are essential for the implementation of precision medicine and AI solutions in routine cancer care. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Building on the quantitative outcomes of a foresight exercise published in another study, this article collects qualitative data to gain more detailed insights into the future of precision oncology in Belgium and discusses the role of AI in this field. It reports the results of a series of expert workshops, focusing on four hypothetical future scenarios that are centered around technological and economic issues that must be overcome for the widespread use of precision oncology in Belgium. FINDINGS: The study concludes that all four scenarios discussed in the workshops would require supportive policy measures in Belgium, which should go beyond mere technological and economic considerations, such as involving patient associations and the public in policy design or creating multi-disciplinary expert groups for precision medicine. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to employ foresight methodology to illustrate possible future scenarios, scrutinize feasible approaches for implementing precision oncology in Belgium, and discuss the use of AI in this context.
This study aimed to contribute to the descriptive information of oral health status in the primary dentition, especially concerning the distribution and spatial correlation of lesions. Data were obtained from two surveys. In the Signal-Tandmobiel project 4,468 7-year-old children in Flanders (Belgium) were selected by a stratified clustered random sample. In the Tandje de Voorste - Smile for Life (TDV) project, data were obtained from 1,291 3-year-old and 1,315 5-year-old children. The children were examined by trained dentists, using standardized and widely accepted criteria, based on the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry criteria. At the population level, symmetry in the prevalence of caries experience across the midline was tested at the tooth and tooth surface levels using generalized estimating equations and alternating logistic regression (ALR) approaches. Individual symmetry was tested using an approach described by Hujoel et al. [J Dent Res 1994;73:1575-1580]. Descriptive observations suggested a symmetrical distribution of caries experience at the population level. The null hypothesis of symmetry could not be rejected at a 0.05 level, suggesting that caries experience might be symmetric in the deciduous dentition. Based on the ALR approach, 2 x 2 associations of caries experience at the tooth and surface levels, both in 5- and 7-year-olds, appeared to be strongest for the left-right pairs in the mandible, followed by the left-right pairs in the maxilla. At the individual level the hypothesis of random caries pattern was rejected (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, at the population level the null hypothesis of left-right symmetry could not be rejected, while at the individual level lesions tended to cluster on one side of the mouth.
This study estimated costs of production and distribution of ostomy appliances, and compared cost estimates with tariffs in Belgium. The cost model took into account manufacturing costs, overhead, R&D, warehousing, profits, and distribution margins. Data were derived from manufacturers, a decomposition of finished products, and interviews with stakeholders. The cost model generated estimated retail prices of euro 2.96 for one-piece appliances, euro 1.62 for two-piece pouches, and euro 2.06 for two-piece flanges. Production and distribution costs accounted for 40 and 60% of retail prices, respectively. Estimated retail prices corresponded well with tariffs for one-piece appliances and for two-piece pouches. For two-piece regular flanges, a substantial difference was observed between the calculated price of euro 2.06 and the tariffs of euro 6.05. In the absence of publicly disclosed information on the cost structure of appliances, estimating ostomy appliance costs is valuable to reimbursement agencies when setting tariffs.