PubMed · 11633979
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P Nansen. 1979. [Not Available].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11633979/
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BACKGROUNDIncreasing incidence rates of invasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (iSDSE) have been detected worldwide.AIMWe aimed to investigate iSDSE infection incidence rates in Denmark during 2014-2024, and characterise the genomic population structure of a subset of iSDSE isolates and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR).METHODSUsing national register data, we estimated overall and sex-/age-stratified iSDSE incidences during 2014-2024, by retrospectively identifying cases of invasive infections with group C and G streptococci or S. dysgalactiae (including specified as subspecies equisimilis). From the voluntary national beta-haemolytic streptococci laboratory surveillance system, whole-genome-sequenced isolates from August 2020-September 2022 were used to investigate the iSDSE genomic population structure. Susceptibility to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin was determined and AMR genes identified.RESULTSDuring 2014-2024, iSDSE incidence rates increased significantly (linear trend analysis p < 0.001) with mean annual incidence ranging between 10.3 and 16.4 per 100,000, peaking in 2023. Incidence was higher in males, increasing with older age. Nearly 75% of the 1,223 iSDSE isolates belonged to four of 14 genetic clusters. Sequence types (STs) ST20 and ST17 were most prevalent, while emm-type stG62647, a variant associated internationally with higher virulence, dominated. All isolates were phenotypically susceptible to penicillin but approximately 10% were respectively erythromycin and clindamycin resistant. High erythromycin resistance prevalence (57%; 39/68), coinciding with gene ermA, occurred in one genetic cluster.CONCLUSIONThe findings illustrate the need for national registry-based surveillance to detect epidemiological changes and potential outbreaks. Further, continuous genomic surveillance can monitor the occurrence and expansion of genetic clades and AMR genes.
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INTRODUCTION: As a part of a larger study, "Menopause described from the woman's perspective," it was the aim to explore whether women have any positive experiences in relation to the menopause and, if so, the nature of these experiences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a questionnaire, sent to a random sample of 51-year-old Danish women, an open-ended question concerning the course of menopause was included. A qualitative approach was used in the analyses. RESULTS: Of 393 women who answered the open-ended question 194 women described positive aspects of the menopause. The total number of replies with a positive content was 268. These varied from unspecific statements describing a period of well-being or simply of having no problems at all, and concrete descriptions which primarily dealt with the relief that menstruation had ceased with its associated problems, such as PMS and fear of pregnancy. Lastly, they dealt with the possibility of personal growth and freedom to concentrate on the women's own requirements. DISCUSSION: The positive aspects of the menopause are a relevant field to investigate further, quantitatively as well as qualitatively. It is recommended that, in counselling, doctors include positive aspects and women's own resources to avoid the use of medication and unintentionally inducing a feeling of illness at this time of life.