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PubMed · 11570708

Decrease of substance P in the parabrachial nucleus of multiple system atrophy.

H Nomura·H Konno·S Takase·H Saito
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Abstract

In the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), which has been known to play an important regulating role for various autonomic functions, many projecting nerve fiber terminals containing substance P (SP) from the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and other areas are found and effect a modulatory influence on the transmission in the PBN. Postmortem brains were obtained from four multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients with autonomic failure and four control patients without any nervous disease, and an immunohistochemical staining for SP was performed on serial 10-microm-thick sections from paraffin-embedded pons including the PBN after immersion fixation in 10% formalin. In the PBN of all MSA patients, a marked decrease in SP-like immunoreactive (SPLI) nerve fiber terminals was revealed compared with the controls. In addition, an obvious astrocytosis was found in the PBN by simultaneous histopathological evaluation, for the preservation of neurons themselves. Therefore, the projecting SP pathway to the PBN may also be primarily involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of the autonomic failure of MSA patients.

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Autonomic Nervous System DiseasesFemaleGliosisHumansImmunohistochemistryMaleMiddle AgedMultiple System AtrophyPonsSubstance PJournal Article

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H Nomura, H Konno, S Takase, H Saito. 2001-09-17. Decrease of substance P in the parabrachial nucleus of multiple system atrophy.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1566-0702(01)00310-1

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Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to lower body negative pressure in type 2 diabetic patients.

In diabetic patients, vascular disease and autonomic dysfunction might compromise cerebral autoregulation and contribute to orthostatic intolerance. The aim of our study was to determine whether impaired cerebral autoregulation contributes to orthostatic intolerance during lower body negative pressure in diabetic patients. Thirteen patients with early-stage type 2 diabetes were studied. We continuously recorded RR-interval, mean blood pressure and mean middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity at rest and during lower body negative pressure applied at -20 and -40 mm Hg. Spectral powers of RR-interval, blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity were analyzed in the sympathetically mediated low (LF: 0.04-0.15 Hz) and the high (HF: 0.15-0.5 Hz) frequency ranges. Cerebral autoregulation was assessed from the transfer function gain and phase shift between LF oscillations of blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity. In the diabetic patients, lower body negative pressure decreased the RR-interval, i.e. increased heart rate, while blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity decreased. Transfer function gain and phase shift remained stable. Lower body negative pressure did not induce the normal increase in sympathetically mediated LF-powers of blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity in our patients indicating sympathetic dysfunction. The stable phase shift, however, suggests intact cerebral autoregulation. The dying back pathology in diabetic neuropathy may explain an earlier and greater impairment of peripheral vasomotor than cerebrovascular control, thus maintaining cerebral blood flow constant and protecting patients from symptoms of presyncope.

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗