PubMed · 11569839
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A Agrawal. 2001-09-01. Electroporating single cells.. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0125142
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Universal topological properties of two-dimensional trivalent cellular patterns are found from shell analysis of soap froth and computer-generated Voronoi diagrams. We introduce a cluster analysis based on the shell model and find the universal relation ln(a/mu(2)) = A+Bln(mu(2)), with the generalized Aboav parameter a and second moment of the number of cell edge distribution mu(2). For the second, third, and fourth shells of the cluster, A and B are the same for all samples. Furthermore, A is increasing with shell number while B is a universal number, -0.90. For the first shell, the slope B is the same for soap froths, but slightly different from Voronoi graphs.
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We investigate experimentally the physical processes underlying pulsed cellular microsurgery and micromanipulation using nanosecond 532- and 1064-nm laser pulses focused at high numerical aperture. We find that the laser parameters employed for many microirradiation techniques are congruent with those leading to optical breakdown in water. We determine the size and shape of the laser-induced plasma, pressure of the emitted shock wave, and size and energy of the cavitation bubble formed by the expanding plasma. We discuss implications of the results for biophysical microirradiation procedures.