PubMed · 1152046
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R K Warfield, G B Bouck. 1975-03-25. On macrotubule structure.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836(75)90365-4
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Microtubules are cytoskeletal filaments important for various cellular processes such as intracellular transport, cell division, polarization and migration. Microtubule organization goes hand in hand with cellular function. Motile cells, such as immune cells or fibroblasts, contain microtubule asters attached to the centrosome and the Golgi complex, whereas in many other differentiated cells, microtubules form linear arrays or meshworks anchored at membrane-bound organelles or the cell cortex. Over the past decade, new developments in cell culture, genome editing and microscopy have greatly advanced our understanding of complex microtubule arrays. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review the diversity of microtubule arrays in interphase animal cells. We describe microtubule network geometries present in various differentiated cells, explore the variety in microtubule-organizing centers responsible for these geometries, and discuss examples of microtubule reorganization in response to functional changes and their interplay with cell motility and tissue development.
Inspired by patterns observed in mixtures of microtubules and molecular motors, we propose continuum equations for the evolution of motor density and microtubule orientation. The chief ingredients are the transport of motors along tubules, and the alignment of tubules in the process. The macroscopic equations lead to aster and vortex patterns in qualitative agreement with experiments. While the early stages of evolution of tubules are similar to coarsening of spins following a quench, the rearrangement of motors leads to arrested coarsening at low densities. Even in one dimension, the equations exhibit a variety of interesting behaviors, such as symmetry breaking, moving fronts, and motor localization.
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