PubMed · 11487916
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Sensitive teeth.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11487916/
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Formulations containing potassium salts (e.g., chloride, nitrate, citrate, oxalate) are widely used for treating dentin hypersensitivity (DH). The purpose of this review was to evaluate evidence for the clinical efficacy of potassium salts in reducing DH and also to consider the biologic basis for any effects. Literature searches were used to identify reports of clinical trials of potassium-containing preparations. Searches revealed 3 trials of potassium nitrate solutions or gels; 2 trials of mouthwashes containing potassium nitrate or citrate; 6 trials of potassium oxalates; and 16 double-blind randomized trials of toothpastes containing potassium nitrate, chloride, or citrate. The toothpaste studies provided quantitative data on treatment effects. These outcome measures were expressed as percentage reductions in sensitivity to cold air and mechanical stimulation and the patients' subjective reports. Trials of topically applied solutions yielded inconsistent results. Potassium-containing mouthwashes produced significant reductions in sensitivity. All potassium-containing toothpastes produced a significant reduction in sensitivity to tactile and air stimuli, as well as subjectively reported sensitivity. In most studies, the active agent (potassium) was superior to the minus-active control (placebo), but a few of the more recent trials have demonstrated significant placebo effects. It is postulated that potassium ions released from toothpastes diffuse along the dentinal tubules to inactivate intradental nerves. However, this principle has never been confirmed in intact human teeth. The mechanism of the desensitizing effects of potassium-containing toothpastes remains uncertain at present.
A major presenting complaint in dental practice is of sensitive teeth. In order to manage the problem well, a correct diagnosis is essential. Whilst it is true that 'common things occur commonly', one should consider all possible causes of pain in taking a history and examining the patient. This paper summarizes how to identify the potential causes of such a complaint.
Cervical dentine sensitivity (CDS) is a painful response to thermal, physical or chemical stimulation of the cervical area of the tooth. The reported prevalence of this clinical condition ranges from 8 to 35% depending on the population studied and methodology used to evaluate CDS. Detailed epidemiology is lacking with regard to possible causal factors. Well conducted studies in larger populations using accepted standardized methodology for both questionnaire and clinical examination are essential if these factors are to be identified and the condition successfully prevented and treated. This paper reviews current literature on the prevalence, aetiology and oral distribution of this troublesome condition.