PubMed · 11450939
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E G Jessop. 2001. Sleep [editorial].. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed%2F23.2.89
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BACKGROUND: Studies have shown a correlation between increased accident rates and levels of deprivation in the community. School accident reporting is one area where an association might be expected. AIMS: To investigate differences in primary school accident rates in deprived and more affluent wards, in an area managed by one education authority. METHODS: Statistical analysis of accident form returns for 100 primary schools in one education authority in Wales over a two year period, in conjunction with visits to over one third of school sites. RESULTS: Accident report rates from schools in deprived wards were three times higher than those from schools in more affluent wards. School visits showed that this discrepancy was attributable primarily to differences in reporting procedures. One third of schools did not report accidents and approximately half did not keep records of minor accidents. CONCLUSIONS: The association between school accident report rates and deprivation in the community is complex. School accident data from local education authorities may be unreliable for most purposes of collection.
CONTEXT: Alcohol is increasingly recognized as a factor in many boating fatalities, but the association between alcohol consumption and mortality among boaters has not been well quantified. OBJECTIVES: To determine the association of alcohol use with passengers' and operators' estimated relative risk (RR) of dying while boating. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Case-control study of recreational boating deaths among persons aged 18 years or older from 1990-1998 in Maryland and North Carolina (n = 221), compared with control interviews obtained from a multistage probability sample of boaters in each state from 1997-1999 (n = 3943). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Estimated RR of fatality associated with different levels of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) among boaters. RESULTS: Compared with the referent of a BAC of 0, the estimated RR of death increased even with a BAC of 10 mg/dL (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.4). The OR was 52.4 (95% CI, 25.9-106.1) at a BAC of 250 mg/dL. The estimated RR associated with alcohol use was similar for passengers and operators and did not vary by boat type or whether the boat was moving or stationary. CONCLUSIONS: Drinking increases the RR of dying while boating, which becomes apparent at low levels of BAC and increases as BAC increases. Prevention efforts targeted only at those operating a boat are ignoring many boaters at high risk. Countermeasures that reduce drinking by all boat occupants are therefore more likely to effectively reduce boating fatalities.
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