PubMed · 1144094
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M P Bowman. 1975-07-03. Management-2. Work.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1144094/
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Two hundred women in the third trimester of a first pregnancy were interviewed, and 50 of them were interviewed again at 4 months post partum. They were asked whether they experienced greater current difficulty in performing 46 common tasks than they did before pregnancy and were asked to grade their responses. Additional information concerning specific factors affecting each activity, such as discomfort and fatigue, was obtained, together with data concerning socioeconomic status and stress perception. The data were analysed to identify the activities whose performance was most and least affected by pregnancy, indicating that the pregnant condition affects perceived difficulty of performance in many activities. Although some activities are not amenable to ergonomic intervention, the study highlighted some in which equipment design and selection could improve the match between a task and the pregnant.
Signs have gained importance as an information mechanism that supports the urban activities in signage, and projects are being actively launched in cities. Urban spaces are already filled with multitudes of signs including directories and signboards, calling for organization of signage as a system and not merely as a collection of individual signs. As a first step for tackling with the objectives, the present study noted the type and amount of environmental information presented in the realm of pedestrians. Our study included (1) investigating the type and amount of information available in the streets including underpass; (2) classifying and organizing signs according to the content of information; and (3) analyzing the relation between different types of information, between situations and signs, and continuity of the signs of the same type. The study revealed that there was a (1) deviation in information offered at various spots on a pedestrian route; (2) multitudes of advertisements and installations other than signs were placed at the same spot using the same method as the public signs; and (3) there were qualitative lack of signs despite many signs in the investigated area. The study thus indicated a need for cross-sectional environmental design for information in place of sign designs and delineates several basic requirements for it.