PubMed · 11431281
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M Mather. 2001-06-30. Adoption.. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7302.1556
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the social conditions of women who never attended prenatal care and to evaluate the perinatal outcome of their newborns. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of uncared pregnancies of women who delivered at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Szeged, Hungary between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 1998. There were 5262 deliveries during this period, of which 54 (1%) had no prenatal care. Matched controls (108 cases) were selected on the basis of maternal age, educational level, the number of gravidity and parity, and marital status. RESULTS: The mean age of women with out-of-care pregnancies was 27 years+/-3.9; 5 women were under 18, 23 (43%) were unmarried, 5 (9.3%) did not finish elementary school and 35 (65%) had only elementary school education. Compared to the controls there were more in preterm labors (33 versus 14% (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.4-6.8)), lower birth weight (P<0.001) and more given up for adoption (17 versus 0.9% (OR 21.4, 95% CI 2.63-173.9)). CONCLUSION: These data underline the importance of regular prenatal care in the prevention of preterm delivery.
Bipolar disease features states of severe depression that usually fluctuate with at least one episode of intense elation or mania. It is a disorder that has been thought for some time to have a heritable component. The lifetime prevalence of bipolar disease in the general population is approximately 1%. In contrast, family studies have shown the approximate lifetime risk of a first-degree relative of a bipolar proband to be 5% to 10%. Moreover, studies of monozygotic twins show that their risk of contracting the disease is as much as 75 times greater than that for the general population. In addition, adoption studies have demonstrated that biological relatives of bipolar patients are substantially more likely to have the disorder than are adoptive relatives.