PubMed · 11365157
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1998-03-06. Mandatory testing.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11365157/
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An annual study of a natural wetland receiving drainage with high concentrations of iron, zinc, and manganese from an abandoned mine tunnel was conducted. During summer, the wetland reduced the mass flow from the tunnel to a receiving stream by more than 90% for iron, by 65% for zinc, and by 25% for manganese. Plant uptake accounted for less than 1% of the total retention. Zinc and manganese mass flows to the stream were greater than mass flows from the tunnel during autumn and winter, indicating a seasonal cycle of the wetland acting as a net sink in the summer and then a net source in the winter. Iron mass flow to the stream was less than the iron mass flow from the tunnel for the majority of the year, with the high retention of iron in the wetland associated with large deposits of iron oxides, especially thick in the upper reaches of the wetland. Spring snowmelt saturated the otherwise dry material in the mine tailings above the wetland, creating an additional source of inflow, with metal concentrations two times higher and three pH units lower than water flowing from the mine tunnel. This period of runoff from the tailings, with the associated high concentration of metals in the stream below the wetland, represented a critical time for stream biota.
Pertussis (i.e., whooping cough) is associated typically with an inspiratory "whoop," prolonged paroxysmal cough, and posttussive vomiting; however, persons infected with Bordetella pertussis sometimes experience atypical symptoms, making prompt recognition difficult and probably increasing infection transmission. All infants aged <6 months and any infants who have not yet received 3 doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine are especially vulnerable to B. pertussis infection. This report summarizes the investigations of two pertussis deaths that occurred in 2000. Clinicians should consider pertussis as a cause of illness, especially among vulnerable infants who present with cough illness, respiratory distress, or apnea. Timely diagnosis of pertussis in caregivers and other contacts of infants could prevent infant pertussis fatalities.
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