PubMed · 11351646
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H Kotake. 2001. [VLDL].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11351646/
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Excessive alcohol consumption is a major health and social issue in our society. Pharmacologic administration of the endocrine hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) suppresses alcohol consumption through actions in the brain in rodents, and genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved with FGF21 signaling as being associated with increased alcohol consumption in humans. However, the neural circuit(s) through which FGF21 signals to suppress alcohol consumption are unknown, as are its effects on alcohol consumption in higher organisms. Here, we demonstrate that administration of an FGF21 analog to alcohol-preferring non-human primates reduces alcohol intake by 50%. Further, we reveal that FGF21 suppresses alcohol consumption through a projection-specific subpopulation of KLB-expressing neurons in the basolateral amygdala. Our results illustrate how FGF21 suppresses alcohol consumption through a specific population of neurons in the brain and demonstrate its therapeutic potential in non-human primate models of excessive alcohol consumption.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of iron deficiency in pregnancy, since iron supplements are not routine in Germany. STUDY DESIGN: Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), ferritin, hemoglobin (Hb), C-reactive protein (CRP) and leucocyte counts were determined in venous blood samples of 378 women before delivery; 191 of them filled in a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 9.0.1. RESULTS: CRP and leucocyte count correlated significantly with ferritin values, while sTfR values were independent. Iron deficiency (sTfR >3.3 mg/dl) was found in 40.7% of pregnant women, and anemia (Hb<11.0 g/dl) in 13.6%. Non-German nationality, low educational level and young maternal age were significant risk factors for iron deficiency, while alcohol use in pregnancy, iron and folic acid supplements were protective. After adjusting for all other factors in a logistic regression equation, not taking any iron supplements in pregnancy (odd ratios (OR) 3.3 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-9.4), and young maternal age (OR 2.86 and 95% CI 1.1-7.7) remained significant risks. CONCLUSION: Iron deficiency in pregnant women in Germany is prevalent; it could be prevented by routine iron supplements.
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