Search PubMed⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 11337554

COMKAT: compartment model kinetic analysis tool.

R F Muzic·S Cornelius
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

UNLABELLED: Compartment models are the basis for most physiologically based quantification of nuclear medicine data. Although some software packages are available for this purpose, many are expensive, run on relatively few types of computers or are of limited capability, and cannot be extended because of the unavailability of source code. Consequently, institutions with modeling expertise often develop software for themselves, which has the disadvantages of lack of standardization and possible replication of effort. Therefore, general-purpose compartment-modeling software distributed with source code would be a welcome resource for the nuclear medicine community. METHODS: We formulated a mathematic framework within which compartment models containing unimolecular and bimolecular (receptor saturation) kinetics can be described. We implemented this framework within MATLAB and call the resultant software COMKAT (Compartment Model Kinetic Analysis Tool). RESULTS: COMKAT simplifies the process of defining and solving standard blood flow, 18F-FDG, and receptor models as well as models of a user's own design. In particular, COMKAT automatically defines and implements state, analytic sensitivity, and Jacobian equations. Given these, COMKAT can perform simulations in which model outputs are solved for specified parameter values, thereby allowing the user to predict how sensitive data are to these parameters. In addition, COMKAT can be used to estimate values for the parameters by fitting model output to experimental data. COMKAT is equipped with command-line and graphic user interfaces from which the user can access these features. Examples of these applications are presented along with validation and performance summaries. CONCLUSION: COMKAT is a useful software tool and is available without cost to researchers, at www.nuclear.uhrad.com/comkat.

Explore related subjects

Computer SimulationHumansModels, TheoreticalSoftwareTomography, Emission-ComputedJournal ArticleResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

R F Muzic, S Cornelius. 2001. COMKAT: compartment model kinetic analysis tool.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11337554/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2025

Generating correlated data for omics simulation.

Simulation of realistic omics data is a key input for benchmarking studies that help users obtain optimal computational pipelines. Omics data involves large numbers of measured features on each sample and these measures are generally correlated with each other. However, simulation too often ignores these correlations, perhaps due to computational and statistical hurdles of doing so. To alleviate this, we describe three approaches for generating omics-scale data with correlated measures which mimic real datasets. These approaches are all based on a Gaussian copula approach with a covariance matrix that decomposes into a diagonal part and a low-rank part. This decomposition allows for extremely efficient simulation, overcoming a hurdle for adoption of past methods. We use these approaches to demonstrate the importance of including correlation in two benchmarking applications. First, we show that variance of results from the popular DESeq2 method increases when dependence is included. Second, we demonstrate that CYCLOPS, a method for inferring circadian time of collection from transcriptomics, improves in performance when given gene-gene dependencies in some circumstances. We provide an R package, dependentsimr, that has efficient implementations of these methods and can generate dependent data with arbitrary marginal distributions, including discrete (binary, ordered categorical, Poisson, negative binomial), continuous (normal), or with an empirical distribution.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2017

Addressing current challenges in cancer immunotherapy with mathematical and computational modelling.

The goal of cancer immunotherapy is to boost a patient's immune response to a tumour. Yet, the design of an effective immunotherapy is complicated by various factors, including a potentially immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, immune-modulating effects of conventional treatments and therapy-related toxicities. These complexities can be incorporated into mathematical and computational models of cancer immunotherapy that can then be used to aid in rational therapy design. In this review, we survey modelling approaches under the umbrella of the major challenges facing immunotherapy development, which encompass tumour classification, optimal treatment scheduling and combination therapy design. Although overlapping, each challenge has presented unique opportunities for modellers to make contributions using analytical and numerical analysis of model outcomes, as well as optimization algorithms. We discuss several examples of models that have grown in complexity as more biological information has become available, showcasing how model development is a dynamic process interlinked with the rapid advances in tumour-immune biology. We conclude the review with recommendations for modellers both with respect to methodology and biological direction that might help keep modellers at the forefront of cancer immunotherapy development.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2007

Degradation of supercoiled plasmid DNA within a capillary device.

Supercoiled plasmid DNA is susceptible to fluid stress in large-scale manufacturing processes. A capillary device was used to generate controlled shear conditions and the effects of different stresses on plasmid DNA structure were investigated. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was employed to characterize the flow environment in the capillary device and different analytical techniques were used to quantify the DNA breakage. It was found that the degradation of plasmid DNA occurred at the entrance of the capillary and that the shear stress within the capillary did not affect the DNA structure. The degradation rate of plasmids was well correlated with the average elongational strain rate or the pressure drop at the entrance region. The conclusion may also be drawn that laminar shear stress does not play a significant role in plasmid DNA degradation.

Computer Simulation↗