PubMed · 11182953
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K Vickery. 2000. Top nursing facility chains.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11182953/
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Spouted beds are fluid-particle contactors in which the fluid is introduced centrally through a nozzle instead of a distributor plate, resulting in a regular particle circulation pattern. To assess the suitability of such sytems to environmental engineering applications such as filter backwashing and biofilm systems, a priori knowledge of the energy dissipation parameters is essential. A new model is developed for evaluating the energy dissipation parameters inside the draft tube of spout-fluid beds. The shear stress, velocity gradient, and turbulence fluctuation parameters in the draft tube of a liquid spout-fluid bed are calculated with the help of an energy equation for flows carrying suspensions and the experimentally determined pressure losses inside the draft tube and compared with results for particulately fluidized beds. A spout-fluid bed with a draft tube provides higher shear stress inside the draft tube than a fluidized bed. The mean velocity gradient in the draft tube is comparable to and higher than in a fluidized bed and increases with solids fraction. The turbulence dissipation coefficient decreases very slightlywith increasing solids fraction for both systems. Consequently, according to the model calculations, a spout-fluid bed with a draft tube can be an alternative to the classical fluidized bed filter backwashing system.
There has been much controversy over whether infants should co-sleep or bedshare with an adult caregiver and over whether such practises increase the risk of SIDS or fatal accident. However, despite opposition from medical authorities or the police, many western parents are increasingly adopting night-time infant caregiving patterns that include some co-sleeping, especially by those mothers who choose to breast feed. This review will show that the relationships between infant sleep patterns, infant sleeping arrangements and development both in the short and long term, whether having positive or negative outcomes, is anything but simple and the traditional habit of labelling one sleeping arrangement as being superior to another without an awareness of family, social and ethnic context is not only wrong but possibly harmful. We will show that there are many good reasons to insist that the definitions of different types of co-sleeping and bedsharing be recognised and distinguished. We will examine the conceptual issues related to the biological functions of mother-infant co-sleeping, bedsharing and what relationship each has to SIDS. At very least, we hope that the studies and data described in this paper, which show that co-sleeping at least in the form of roomsharing especially with an actively breast feeding mother saves lives, is a powerful reason why the simplistic, scientifically inaccurate and misleading statement 'never sleep with your baby' needs to be rescinded, wherever and whenever it is published.
PURPOSE: To provide the clinician with an overview of support surfaces used to manage tissue integrity as well as a review of how pressure ulcers develop. TARGET AUDIENCE: This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in understanding how available support surfaces can impact the development and treatment of pressure ulcers. OBJECTIVES: After reading the article and taking the test, the participant should be able to: