PubMed · 11141910
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I Eames. 2000. Absorbing absorption.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11141910/
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This study was designed to determine the effect of changes in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecular weight on swelling and mechanical properties of hydrogels made from a novel polymer, oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF), recently developed in our laboratory. Properties of hydrogels made from OPF with initial PEG molecular weights of 860, 3900, and 9300 were examined. The PEG 3900 formulation had a tensile modulus of 23.1 +/- 12.4 kPa and percent elongation at fracture of 53.2 +/- 13.7%; the PEG 9300 formulation had similar tensile properties (modulus: 16.5 +/- 4.6 kPa, elongation: 76.0 +/- 26.4%). However, the PEG 860 gels had a significantly higher modulus (89.5 +/- 50.7 kPa) and a significantly smaller percent elongation at fracture (30.1 +/- 6.4%), when compared with other formulations. Additionally, there were significant differences in percent swelling between each of the formulations. Molecular weight between crosslinks (M(c)) and mesh size were calculated for each OPF formulation. M(c) increased from 2010 +/- 116 g/mol with PEG 860 to 6250 +/- 280 g/mol with PEG 9300. Mesh size calculations showed a similar trend (76 +/- 2 A for PEG 860 to 160 +/- 6 A for PEG 9300). It was also found that these hydrogels could be laminated if a second layer was added before the first had completely crosslinked. Mechanical testing of these laminated gels revealed that the presence of an interfacial area did not significantly alter their tensile properties. These results suggest that the material properties of OPF-based hydrogels can be altered by changing the molecular weight of PEG used in synthesis and that multilayered OPF hydrogel constructs can be produced, with each layer having distinct mechanical properties.
Five TMC polymers with different degrees of quaternisation (12-59%) were synthesised and administered together with [14C]-mannitol in the nasal route of rats at a pH of 6.20 and 7.40, respectively. All the TMC polymers increased the nasal absorption of [14C]-mannitol significantly at pH 6.20, but only TMC polymers with higher degrees of quaternisation (>36%) were able to increase the absorption of this hydrophilic model compound at pH 7.40. The absorption of [14C]-mannitol at pH 7.40 increased with an increase in the degree of quaternisation of TMC until a maximum absorption value was reached with TMC with a degree of quaternisation of 48%. The absorption of [14C]-mannitol did not increase further, even when TMC with a higher degree of quaternisation (59%) was used. This can probably be explained by steric effects caused by the attached methyl groups and changes in the flexibility of the TMC molecules with an increase in the degree of quaternisation above an optimum value for absorption enhancement in a neutral environment. It was concluded that the degree of quaternisation of TMC plays an important role in the absorption enhancement properties of this polymer across nasal epithelia in a neutral environment.
This work is a contribution to better knowledge of the influence of the structure of films on their functional properties obtained from emulsions based on arabinoxylans, hydrogenated palm kernel oil (HPKO), and emulsifiers. The sucroesters (emulsifiers) have a great effect on the stabilization of the emulsified film structure containing arabinoxylans and hydrogenated palm kernel oil. They improve the moisture barrier properties. Several sucroesters having different esterification degrees were tested. Both lipophilic (90% of di and tri-ester) and hydrophilic (70% of mono-ester) sucrose esters can ensure the stability of the emulsion used to form the film, especially during preparation and drying. These emulsifiers confer good moisture barrier properties to emulsified films.