[Candida].

I Furuta

Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 11132558

[Candida].

I Furuta

View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The incidence of candidiasis has steadily increased with the number of patients with opportunistic infection. Candidiasis is often observed in patients with leukemia, malignant lymphoma and aplastic anemia, all of whom show immunodeficiency. Factors contributing to the increased incidence of candida infections include the overuse of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, and the prolonged survival of patients with immunodeficiency. Candida is a major causative organism of nosocomial infection, as are P. aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The number isolated was greater in the order of C. albicans > C. glabrata > C. tropicalis > C. parapsilosis > C. krusei. C. albicans, which was detected most frequency, was isolated from 60-70% of all samples every year. Isolated frequencies of C. albicans were 66-77% from sputum, 43-70% from urine, and 62-72% from vaginal swabs. In regard to annual changes in deep-seated candidiasis among autopsied cases, the incidence reached a peak in the 1985 to 1988 period, and thereafter decreased. The number of cases with infection of the stomach was largest, followed by the esophagus, the lung and kidney. These cases with deep-seated candidiasis showed low values or levels of lymphocyte, neutrophil, hemoglobin, hemoglobin total protein and total cholesterol.

Explore related subjects

Candida Candidiasis Cross Infection Hematologic Neoplasms Humans Immunocompromised Host Opportunistic Infections Risk Factors Journal Article Review

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

I Furuta. 2000. [Candida].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11132558/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2026

Metabolic engineering of Candida yeasts for biotechnological applications.

Candida yeasts represent a versatile yet underexploited platform for industrial biotechnology. These yeasts utilize a remarkably broad range of carbon sources, particularly for hydrophobic carbon sources, coupled with robust growth and diverse biosynthetic capacities, making them promising hosts for sustainable production of chemicals, fuels, and proteins. Despite these advantages, industrial deployment of Candida species has been hindered by concerns regarding opportunistic pathogenicity and the historical lack of efficient genetic manipulation tools, leading to a substantial gap between metabolic potential and practical utilization. Recent advances in functional genomics, genome editing, and systems metabolic engineering are rapidly overcoming these barriers, enabling more precise and efficient strain development. In this review, we systematically summarize recent progress in the metabolic engineering of Candida species as microbial cell factories, with particular emphasis on expanding genetic toolkits, utilizting renewable and non-conventional carbon sources, and biosynthesizing high-value compounds. In addition, we propose a biosafety-oriented classification framework to support their safe industrial deployment. Finally, we discuss current challenges and emerging opportunities, emphasizing that the synergy of synthetic biology and artificial intelligence-driven design holds the key to unlocking the biotechnological potential of Candida yeasts.

Candida↗

PubMed2003

The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) survey of candidaemia in Italy: antifungal susceptibility patterns of 261 non-albicans Candida isolates from blood.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of 261 non-albicans Candida bloodstream strains isolated during the European Confederation of Medical Mycology survey of candidaemia performed in Lombardia, Italy (September 1997-December 1999). METHODS: In vitro susceptibility to flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole was determined using the broth microdilution method described in the NCCLS M27-A guidelines. Etest strips were used to assess susceptibility to amphotericin B. In vitro findings were correlated with the patient's underlying condition and previous antifungal treatment. RESULTS: MICs (mg/L) at which 90% of the strains were inhibited were, respectively, 2 for flucytosine, 8 for fluconazole, 0.5 for itraconazole, 0.25 for voriconazole and 0.25 for posaconazole. Amphotericin B MIC endpoints were <0.50 mg/L in all the isolates tested. Flucytosine resistance was detected in 19 isolates (7%), mainly among Candida tropicalis strains (30%). Innate or secondary fluconazole resistance was detected in 13 strains (5%). Among the 13 patients with fluconazole-resistant Candida bloodstream infection, three were HIV positive, including one treated with fluconazole for oral candidosis; the four who were HIV negative had received the azole during the 2 weeks preceding the candidaemia. Cross-resistance among fluconazole and other azoles was a rare event. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance is still uncommon in non-albicans Candida species recovered from blood cultures. However, in fungaemias caused by C. tropicalis, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei, there is a high prevalence of resistance to fluconazole and flucytosine. Fluconazole resistance should be suspected in patients treated previously with azoles, mainly those with advanced HIV infection.

Candida↗

PubMed2003

Inorganic tin and organotin interactions with Candida maltosa.

As a consequence of the widespread industrial and agricultural applications of organotins, contamination of various ecosystems has occurred in recent decades. Understanding how these compounds interact with microorganisms is important in assessing the risks of organotin pollution. The organotins, tributyltin (TBT), trimethyltin (TMT) and inorganic tin, Sn(IV), were investigated for their physical interactions with non-metabolising cells and protoplasts of the yeast Candida maltosa, an organism that is often associated with contaminated environments. Uptake, toxicity and membrane-acting effects of these compounds, at concentrations approximating those found in polluted environments, were assessed. Sn(IV) and TBT uptake occurred by different mechanisms. Uptake of Sn(IV) was 2-fold greater in intact cells than protoplasts, underlining the importance of cell wall binding, whereas TBT uptake levels by both cell types were similar. TBT uptake resulted in cell death and extensive K+ leakage, while Sn(IV) uptake had no effect. TMT did not interact with cells. Of the three compounds, TBT alone altered membrane fluidity, as measured by the fluorescence anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene incorporated into cells. Anisotropy of 1-(4-trimethylaminophenyl-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene) was not affected, implying that TBT is not confined to the surface of the cytoplasmic membrane, but acts within membrane lipids. These results indicate that the cell wall is the dominant site of Sn(IV) interactions with yeast, while lipophilic interactions play an important role in uptake and toxicity of TBT.

Candida↗