PubMed · 1099361
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S Refetoff. 1975. Thyroid hormone therapy.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0025-7125(16)31964-2
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The results suggest that iodized salt is an effective means of improving iodine status, and support the current endeavors to achieve universal salt iodization. Variations in the iodine levels in the salt suggest that particular care must be taken to ensure the quality of the production and storage of iodized salt. It appears that in small children salt intake may not be high enough to guarantee adequate iodine levels through the use of iodized salt. While the studies provided no information about unwanted side effects with the use of iodized salt, most studies did not specifically consider adverse effects. so inferences about side effects remain weak. In conclusion, health policymakers and other decision makers require high-quality studies to measure the effect of iodized salt in comparison with other forms of iodine supplementation. These should be large studies lasting at least two years. Investigators should not retstrict their outcomes to goiter rates and urinary iodine excretion, but should include the other outcome measures specified above, such as mental and physical development in children, mortality, and others. Investigators should pay special attention to adverse effects and their report in primary studies, and should assess children (including very young children who may have a relatively low salt consumption) separately from adults.
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In the present review paper, the following problems have been brought up: 1) types of nontoxic goitre and applied classification, 2) physiological periods or states predisposing to non-toxic goitre development, 3) evaluation of excessive stimulation of the thyroid gland, 4) the treatment of iodine deficiency consequences (non-toxic diffuse vs. non-toxic nodular goitre), 5) autoimmunologically-induced non-toxic goitre, and 6) positive effects of iodine prophylaxis with respect to goitre prevalence. The management of non-toxic nodular goitre, as well as of thyroid nodules is a separate and very complex issue, and--at the same time--the subject of our next review paper, published in the same issue of NEL.