PubMed · 1094932
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M Kessler, G W Albee. 1975. Primary prevention.. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.26.020175.003013
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The effects of long-term amygdala kindling on emotional behavior were investigated. In Experiment 1, rats received 99 basolateral amygdala, central amygdala, or sham stimulations. The rats in both kindled groups displayed more resistance to capture from an open field and more open-arm activity on an elevated plus maze than did the sham control rats. In Experiment 2, rats received either 20, 60, or 100 amygdala stimulations or sham stimulations. Compared to the sham controls, the kindled rats explored less during the first 30s in a novel open field, avoided the central area of the open field, resisted being captured from the open field, and engaged in more open-arm activity on the elevated plus maze. The magnitude of these effects was greatest in the 100-stim rats and least in the 20-stim rats. Together, these results suggest that long-term amygdala kindling in rats is a useful model for studying the emotionality associated with temporal lobe epilepsy.
Seven diagnostic indicators were examined for their potential to identify latency aged boys who had feminine gender identity. Nineteen emotionally disturbed boys (average age 10.2) with feminine gender identity were compared on these indicators with 21 control boys. The indicators which were found to be valid were drawing the female figure with a greater value than the male figure in the DAP; difficulty in identification with the male figure in stories to the DAP; a low relative rate of male human responses and/or a high relative rate of female human responses in the Rorschach; and initial butterfly response to card V in the Rorschach. Using these indicators in combination reduced the false positive and negative rates associated with each individual indicator.