Search PubMed⌕ Search

PubMed · 10935012

Upper extremity nerve blocks.

Abstract

Anatomy favorable to the application of regional blockade, the capacity to decrease latency and prolong blockade, and the opportunity to facilitate recovery and decrease costs create a constellation of factors that have the potential to make upper extremity blockade a tremendously rewarding application of modern regional anesthetic technique. These rewards can be realized by the motivated anesthesiologist and shared with patients, surgical colleagues, and hospital administrators.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

J C Gerancher. 2000. Upper extremity nerve blocks.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8537(05)70165-6

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

Effect of exercise on upper and lower extremity endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease.

Aerobic exercise training improves endothelial vasomotor function in the coronary circulation of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), an effect that has been attributed to local repetitive increases in shear stress on the endothelium. To study the effects of exercise on endothelial function in the peripheral circulation, we used vascular ultrasound to examine flow-mediated dilation and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation in the brachial and posterior tibial arteries of 58 subjects with CAD. Studies were performed at baseline and after 10 weeks in 40 subjects (aged 59 +/- 10 years) who participated in a supervised cardiac rehabilitation program that predominantly involved moderate intensity leg exercise (three 30-minute sessions/week), and 18 matched patients who did not exercise and maintained a sedentary lifestyle. Exercise was associated with a 29% increase in functional capacity (7.3 +/- 2.2 vs 9.4 +/- 2.7 METs, p <0.001), and significant improvement in endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilation in a conduit artery of the leg, but not the arm. Nitroglycerin-mediated dilation in the upper arm and lower extremity was unaffected. These findings suggest that exercise improves endothelial function in peripheral conduit arteries of patients with CAD and that the beneficial effect may be more marked in the vascular beds of the exercised limbs.

Arm↗

Choosing a wavelet for single-trial EMG.

A wavelet analysis was developed to measure the timing of multiunit bursts in surface electromyograms (EMGs) from single trials. EMG data were taken from eleven elbow and/or shoulder muscles during reaching movements in six different directions, at a range of speeds. A relatively simple wavelet (db2) was chosen, and the analysis focused on wavelet coefficients at an intermediate scale (D3), where the wavelet length approximately matched the wavelengths present in EMG bursts. Burst times were identified from the peaks of the coefficient traces and were plotted as a function of movement time. Linear regression revealed significant relations in most cases, and thus served to validate the wavelet burst identification. With a few exceptions, burst timing scaled in a manner approximately similar to the scaling of movement time. As shown previously with different analytical methods, both within and across joints, EMG bursts were not confined to distinct 'agonist' and 'antagonist' time frames, but instead showed a variety of phases relative to speed or joint torque.

Arm↗