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PubMed · 10874642

Simultaneous decrease of telomere length and telomerase activity with ageing of human amniotic fluid cells.

A Mosquera·J L Fernández·A Campos·V J Goyanes·J Ramiro-Díaz·J Gosálvez
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Amniotic FluidCell DivisionCellular SenescenceDNA ReplicationFemaleHumansIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescencePregnancyTelomeraseTelomereLetterResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

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A Mosquera, J L Fernández, A Campos, V J Goyanes, J Ramiro-Díaz, J Gosálvez. 1999. Simultaneous decrease of telomere length and telomerase activity with ageing of human amniotic fluid cells.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10874642/

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OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of aquaporins (AQPs) in the regulation of amniotic fluid (AF) volume, we determined AF volume and composition and placental and fetal membrane AQP expression throughout the second half of murine gestation. METHODS: Pregnant CD1 mice were sacrificed at e10-19 and AF volume and composition determined. Placenta and fetal membranes were screened for AQP gene expression. AQP gene expression was quantified by real-time RT PCR and protein location determined by immunohistochemistry. Changes in AF volume were correlated with AQP expression. RESULTS: Both membranes and placenta demonstrated expression of AQP1, -3, -8 and -9. Advancing gestation was associated with increased AF volume from e10 to e16, with a marked decrease in AF volume from e16 to e19. By immunohistochemistry, AQP1 was localized to placental vessels and AQP3 to trophoblast. AF volume was negatively correlated with fetal membrane AQP1 and placental AQP1 and AQP9 expression, and positively correlated with placental AQP3 expression. CONCLUSION: Changes in AQPs with advancing gestation, and their correlation with AF volume, suggest a role in mediating placental and membrane water flow and ultimately AF volume. AQP1 appears to regulate fetal membrane water flow, and AQP3 is a likely candidate for the regulation of placental water flow.

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The flow of water and some other small molecules across cell membranes is important in many of the processes underlying reproduction. The fluid movement is strongly associated with the presence of aquaporins (AQPs) in the female and male reproductive systems. It has been suggested that AQPs mediate water movement into the antral follicle and play important roles in follicle development. AQPs are known to be involved in the early stage of spermatogenesis, in the secretion of tubule liquid and in the concentration and storage of spermatozoa. Fluid reabsorption in some regions of the male reproductive tract is under steroid hormone control and could be mediated by various AQPs. Also AQPs take part in the processes of fertilization, blastocyst formation (as the pathway for transtrophoectodermal water movement during cavitation) and implantation. Alterations in the expression and function or regulation of AQPs have already been demonstrated in disorders of the male reproductive system, such as abnormal sperm motility, the abnormal epididymis and infertility seen in cystic fibrosis, and varicocele. This article extensively reviews the distribution of AQPs in mammalian reproductive tissues and discusses their possible physiological and pathophysiological roles.

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Can ultrasound fetal biometry predict fetal hyperinsulinaemia at delivery in pregnancy complicated by maternal diabetes?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between ultrasound fetal biometry and amniotic fluid insulin levels at delivery in women with pre-existing diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study identified 93 women who had amniotic fluid insulin levels measured at time of delivery. Standardised estimated fetal weight and fetal growth velocity were calculated from serial third trimester fetal ultrasound measurements. RESULTS: Women with pre-existing diabetes had significantly greater mean growth velocity [1.39 (95% CI: 0.43-2.23) versus 0.39 (95% CI: -01.7-0.95); p=0.04], significantly greater mean estimated fetal weight (EFW) Z score prior to delivery [2.36 (95% CI: 1.82-2.9) versus 1.38 (95% CI: 1.02-1.74); p=0.002] and greater mean birthweight centile [82 (95% CI: 0.74-0.89) versus 67 (95% CI: 58-76); p=0.02] than those with GDM/IGT. Amniotic fluid insulin levels demonstrated a similar significant difference between the pre-existing and GDM/IGT groups [20.5 (95% CI: 12.9-28.1) versus 8.5 (95% CI: 5.4-11.7); p=0.001]. An association between fetal growth and size and amniotic fluid insulin was observed in women with pre-existing diabetes. Positive likelihood ratios were 1.67 and 2.08, respectively, for the prediction of liquor insulin greater than the 95th centile in women with pre-existing diabetes. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound measures of fetal size and growth used in this study are not sufficiently accurate to predict those infants likely to be at risk from the adverse effects of fetal hyperinsulinaemia.

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