PubMed · 10543194
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H Saito. 1999. [Factor XI].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10543194/
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In patients with factor XI(FXI) deficiency the bleeding tendency is poorly correlated with plasma factor levels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether or not this discrepancy is also present in a large series of patients from Iran, a previously unexplored ethnic group. DESIGN AND METHODS: In 28 FXI - deficient patients bleeding symptoms and their relation to FXI levels were compared with those of 100 patients with factor VIII (FVIII)deficiency (classic hemophilia), matched for severity of factor deficiency. RESULTS: Spontaneous bleeding was definitely less frequentin FXI deficiency than in hemophilia, whereas postoperative and post-traumatic bleeding occurred with comparable frequencies. Among FXI-deficient patients the severity of symptoms was poorly correlated with FXI levels, mildly deficient patients bleeding almost as frequently as those severely deficient. In contrast, in patients with classic hemophilia there was a close relation between the severity of bleeding and degree of FVIII deficiency. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: As in other ethnic groups, in Iranians factor XI deficiency is less severe than classic hemophilia and the bleeding tendency is poorly correlated to plasma factor levels.
OBJECTIVE: To bring forward a suggestion about clinical diagnostic standard and clinical typing for chronic and severe hepatitis. METHODS: To make a comprehensive study on clinical features and pathology of 895 cases of severe and chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis after hepatitis based on the viral prevention and control plan laid down in 1995. RESULTS: The chronic hepatitis can still be divided into mild, moderate and severe types clinically, but the PTA should be changed for normol-71, 70-61, 60-51, the A/G value for normal, 1.5-1.3, 1.2-1.0 respectively. ALT, BIL, alpha-globulin are kept unchanged. The albumin value can be cut out from the reference indexes of clinical typing for chronic hepatitis. Acute severe hepatitis can be divided into early stage (taking edema as the main type) and late stage (taking necrosis as the main type); subacute severe hepatitis can be divided into ascite type, coma type and mixed type; if those lacking of coma and ascite with PTA about 60%. 50% can be treated as earlier stage. Subacute and chronic severe hepatitis still can be divided into early, middle and late stages. The disease course of subacute severe hepatitis may prolong to six months. Chronic severe hepatitis can be divided into type B (typical chronic hepatitis type) type C (liver cirrhosis type) and type c (acute liver failure type developed from chronic hepatitis and viral carriers). CONCLUSIONS: The original procedure of 1995 are feasible on the whole.
We have identified, in four diverse human populations, five common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region of the gene for the blood coagulation protease factor XI. Each SNP has an allele frequency >5% in at least one population. Three of the SNPs (C472T, A844G, and T1234C), spread out over approximately 10 kb of genomic DNA, are in marked linkage disequilibrium (LD) with one another (P < 10(-4)). Interestingly, haplotypes associated with the linked SNPs are conserved across all populations studied, despite significantly different allele frequencies between populations. The presence of such common, widely dispersed haplotypes could complicate the interpretation of LD studies and emphasizes the need for a better understanding of general patterns of LD to facilitate identification of genes for common disorders.