PubMed · 10543156
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H Matsuki, Y Kawano. 1999. [Dioxin].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10543156/
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The Emission Measurement Center (EMC) in the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards was directed to conduct an emissions test program at a sewage sludge incinerator in support of a Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standard. One pollutant category of concern at these facilities was polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs. An objective of the test program was to measure co-planar PCBs in the incinerator emissions, the sewage sludge introduced to the incinerator, and the scrubber water effluent used in controlling the incinerator emissions. Co-planar PCB congeners are those having four or more chlorine atoms with only a few substitutions in the ortho positions, i.e. positions designated 2, 2', 6, and 6'. Thirteen PCB compounds are sometimes referred to as the "WHO PCBs," because the World Health Organization (WHO) has derived toxic equivalency factors for these congeners. Studies have shown that these dioxin-like compounds can react with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. This same reaction is believed to initiate adverse health effects for dioxin and furan congeners. In order to conduct the co-planer PCB testing, the EMC had to develop analytical methods that could measure the 13 co-planar PCBs. The purpose of the test program was to develop, evaluate, and implement analytical test methods capable of measuring co-planar PCBs in three matrices: incinerator stack gases, sewage sludge, and scrubber water effluents. The paper summarizes the initial development work that was performed in preparation of analytical test protocols that could measure co-planar PCBs in air, water, and sludge matrices. Following the method development, a MACT emissions test program was conducted at a sewage sludge facility in July 1999 and these data are also summarized in the paper.
In recent years the efforts of companies manufacturing cow milk (CM) formulas have led to the development and availability of special formulas, which have dramatically reduced the morbidity of infants with food allergy (FA). However, the safety of several infants and children with food allergy is put to a severe test by transgenic foods, pesticides, and dioxin entering the scenario, also provoking breast milk contamination. Regarding transgenic foods, it is significant the attitude taken against people attempting to call them Frankenstein food, whereas pesticides and dioxin present in dietary foods for infants and young children, after a first arising of alarmed and inflamed controversies, have almost fallen into oblivion. Several of these substances are able to trigger immune alterations. Recent reports have shown that pears can contain pesticides in 54% of cases, a finding which obliges us to review elimination diets devised for allergic babies. However, these foods are far from being ideal both from the nutritional adequacy and hypoallergenicity; moreover, passive smoke is now a genetic factor. We would like to stress, according to the Latin wisdom that stands on the portal of our Clinic in puero homo, which means. In infant is the seed of the future man, that our goal is not only to reduce morbidity and mortality, but mainly to insure the best quality of life both to infants and adults.