PubMed · 10483432
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N Chandler. 1998. Laser Doppler flowmetry.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10483432/
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BACKGROUND, AIMS: Since the development of the ruby laser by Maiman in 1960, a variety of papers on potential applications for lasers in dentistry have been published. The purpose of this paper is to summarise laser applications for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. The effects of laser on pulp tissue and problems on laser treatment are also reviewed. This article reviews the role of lasers for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity since 1985, summarises many research reports from the last decade, and surmises what the future may hold for lasers in this treatment. METHOD: To date, 4 kinds of lasers have been used for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity, and the effectiveness ranged from 5.2 to 100%, which was dependent on the laser type and parameters used. The mechanism involved in laser treatment of dentine hypersensitivity are relatively unknown. RESULTS: These require clarification to result in safely effective treatment optimization. In general, the efficiency for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity using lasers is higher than other methods, but in severe cases, it is less effective. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to consider the severity of dentine hypersensitivity before laser use.
Talon cusp is a tooth anomaly that affects both the primary and the permanent dentitions. However, the occurrence of this anomalous cusp is rather infrequent in the primary dentition. Only 7 cases of bilateral talon cusps affecting the primary teeth have been reported in the dental literature. This is a case report of bilateral talon cusps on primary maxillary central incisors whose histologic evaluation revealed the existence of pulpal tissue in the anomalous cusps.
Literature review There is a paucity of information on the concise relationship between endodontics and orthodontics during treatment planning decisions. This relationship ranges from effects on the pulp from orthodontic treatment and the potential for resorption during tooth movement, to the clinical management of teeth requiring integrated endodontic and orthodontic treatment. This paper reviews the literature based on the definition of endodontics and the scope of endodontic practice as they relate to common orthodontic-endodontic treatment planning challenges. Literature data bases were accessed with a focus on orthodontic tooth movement and its impact on the viability of the dental pulp; its impact on root resorption in teeth with vital pulps and teeth with previous root canal treatment; the ability to move orthodontically teeth that were endodontically treated versus nonendodontically treated; the role of previous tooth trauma; the ability to move teeth orthodontically that have been subjected to endodontic surgery; the role of orthodontic treatment in the provision for and prognosis of endodontic treatment; and, the integrated role of orthodontics and endodontics in treatment planning tooth retention. Orthodontic tooth movement can cause degenerative and/or inflammatory responses in the dental pulp of teeth with completed apical formation. The impact of the tooth movement on the pulp is focused primarily on the neurovascular system, in which the release of specific neurotransmitters (neuropeptides) can influence both blood flow and cellular metabolism. The responses induced in these pulps may impact on the initiation and perpetuation of apical root remodelling or resorption during tooth movement. The incidence and severity of these changes may be influenced by previous or ongoing insults to the dental pulp, such as trauma or caries. Pulps in teeth with incomplete apical foramen, whilst not immune to adverse sequelae during tooth movement, have a reduced risk for these responses. Teeth with previous root canal treatment exhibit less propensity for apical root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. Minimal resorptive/remodelling changes occur apically in teeth that are being moved orthodontically and that are well cleaned, shaped, and three-dimensionally obturated. This outcome would depend on the absence of coronal leakage or other avenues for bacterial ingress. A traumatized tooth can be moved orthodontically with minimal risk of resorption, provided the pulp has not been severely compromised (infected or necrotic). If there is evidence of pulpal demise, appropriate endodontic management is necessary prior to orthodontic treatment. If a previously traumatized tooth exhibits resorption, there is a greater chance that orthodontic tooth movement will enhance the resorptive process. If a tooth has been severely traumatized (intrusive luxation/avulsion) there may be a greater incidence of resorption with tooth movement. This can occur with or without previous endodontic treatment. Very little is known about the ability to move successfully teeth that have undergone periradicular surgical procedures. Likewise, little is known about the potential risks or sequelae involved in moving teeth that have had previous surgical intervention. Especially absent is the long-term prognosis of this type of treatment. During orthodontic tooth movement, the provision of endodontic treatment may be influenced by a number of factors, including but not limited to radiographic interpretation, accuracy of pulp testing, patient signs and symptoms, tooth isolation, access to the root canal, working length determination, and apical position of the canal obturation. Adjunctive orthodontic root extrusion and root separation are essential clinical procedures that will enhance the integrated treatment planning process of tooth retention in endodontic-orthodontic related cases.