PubMed · 1042334
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H Okamoto. 1975. [Study plans (planning and formulation)].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1042334/
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Risk management is viewed as a systematic process based on multiprofessional and multi-agency decision-making. A learning pack was developed as part of a team-based learning project aiming to encourage and develop collaborative working practice. This brought different professionals and agencies working in mental health together to learn. There is little doubt that mental health practice is a source of stress for practitioners. Apart from the stress associated with managing 'risky' situations, risk management is also a relatively new concept. This can increase stress around ability to cope, both on an individual practitioner level and in teams. This article reports the impact that the learning pack had on team members' stress, specifically work-related stress. A range of scales were used to measure change in stress and results demonstrated reduced work-related pressure in a number of areas following the learning. The implications for team learning in relation to clinical risk management are discussed in light of the findings.
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BACKGROUND: In 1996, Congress passed legislation requiring the Department of Defense to conduct trauma training in civilian hospitals. In September of 1998 an Army team composed of surgeons, nurses, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and operating room technicians (OR techs) trained in a civilian level 1 trauma center. This study analyzes the quality of the training. METHODS: The training period was 30 days. Before and after training all members completed a questionnaire of their individual and team ability to perform at their home station, at the civilian hospital, and in the combat setting. Surgeons maintained an operative log, which was compared with their prior year's experience. Primary trauma cases (PTCs) met Residency Review Committee criteria as defined category cases and were done acutely. Other personnel tracked the percentage of supporting soldier tasks (SSTs) they performed or were exposed to during the training period. RESULTS: Review of the questionnaires revealed a significant increase in confidence levels in all areas tested (P < 0.005). The three general surgeons performed a total of 42 PTCs during the 28 call periods, or 1.5 PTCs per call period. During the prior year, the same three general surgeons performed 20 PTCs during 114 call periods for 0.175 cases per call period (P = 0.003). The maximum number of PTCs performed during one call period at the civilian center was 4, compared with 5 PTCs performed by one Army surgeon during the Somalia 1993 mass casualty event. Performance of or exposure to SSTs was 71% for the EMTs, 94% for the nurses, and 79% for the OR techs. CONCLUSIONS: A 1-month training experience at a civilian trauma center provided military general surgeons with a greater trauma experience than they receive in 1 year at their home station. Other personnel on the team benefited by performing or being exposed to their SSTs. Further training of military teams in civilian trauma centers should be investigated.