PubMed · 10239761
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J DeGroot. 1979. Procedures for bedpans.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10239761/
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UNLABELLED: EPIDEMIC: The annual number of new MRSA isolates in the Netherlands tripled in 2002 compared with previous years. This increase was in part due to a MRSA outbreak in the Rijnmond region. The outbreak occurred in two merged hospitals and is the largest ever to occur in the Netherlands. From November 2001 till June 2003 MRSA was isolated from 381 patients and 113 hospital employees. The worst affected departments were Surgery and Internal Medicine. One MRSA strain (pulsed-field gel electroforesis (PFGE) type 16) remained initially unrecognised and was therefore able to spread unnoticed. Soon two additional epidemic MRSA strains (types 37 and 38) were discovered. DISCUSSION: Multiple factors played a role in the extent and duration of the outbreak. Because of the delayed detection and rapid spread of MRSA type 16, the outbreak grew too large once recognised to be resolved within the available infrastructure. Investments were needed at various fields, including the infection-control service and the microbiology laboratory. Employees had to be informed and motivated, and a separate MRSA ward and OPD were provided. New MRSA outbreaks occurred, despite extensive MRSA (contact) screening among patients and employees. The numbers of isolates began falling as from the beginning of 2003.
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Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of hospital- and community-acquired infections. The development of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in 1988 led the way to the emergence of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] > or =32 microg/mL [3]), first recognized in 2002. This report describes the third documented clinical isolate of VRSA from a patient in the United States and provides evidence of failure to detect this VRSA by commonly used automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing.