PubMed · 10111095
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1991. Plumbing problems.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10111095/
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Performing uncertainty analysis on compartmental models is the main topic of this article. Elements of the methodology developed during a joint CEC/USNRC accident consequence code uncertainty analysis are introduced. The uncertainty is quantified using structured expert judgment. Experts are queried about physically observable quantities. Many code input parameters of the accident consequence codes are not physically observable but are used to predict observable quantities. Therefore, a probabilistic inversion technique was developed which 'transfers' the uncertainty from the physically observable quantities to the code input parameters. The probabilistic inversion technique is illustrated using the compartmental model of systemic retention of Sr in the human body. The article is concluded with a discussion on capturing uncertainty via compartmental models.
BACKGROUND: Health and safety training for hazardous materials workers is among OSHA's major policies. A large and growing workforce in this area, and the resulting risks for these workers and the public, make quality training critical. Measuring trainees' individual knowledge following training is a common but controversial practice. METHODS: Technical issues and benefits in testing, strategies for mitigating the limitations of testing, and the relevance of testing at a broader policy level were examined from the perspective of a large and diverse program. RESULTS: Knowledge data from individuals greatly aided in evaluating program effectiveness at the time of training and in assessing workplace impact later. Use of sound testing principles and creative examination methods and materials, and collaboration across programs, all helped to address concerns for individual programs and the field generally. CONCLUSIONS: Programs would benefit from fully considering the benefits and options related to knowledge assessment in training. Those who choose to assess individual knowledge could move the process forward through added rigor, collaboration, and documentation of efforts.
The search for quality in the health service cannot lead aside the safety of its operators and users, subject to the well defined parameters of Law 626. This study makes a preliminary examination of the accidents occurring in our Health District which comprises three hospitals, 600 beds and 1,800 employees. A total of 172 accidents have been reported. The percentages can be broken down between the various sectors: 73% of accidents involve nurses, 9% involve doctors and 1% administrative personnel. The greatest risk in hemodialysis is the biological factor (through accidental cuts or pricks which account for 67% of the accidents reported) and involves humans (both patients and personnel), monitors and environments as the sources of pathogens. The most frequently isolated germs are E. coli and Pseudomonas. It has been shown that prevention is above all based on the accuracy with which procedures are followed. The risk of hepatitis C has not yet been resolved, as is affinned in a review reported in the study. The HIV risk gives the greatest cause for concern, even if only 0.2% after exposure compared to 15-36 for HbsAg. Compliance with universal rules for prevention and post-exposure procedures provides an adequate guarantee for prevention.