PubMed · 1006573
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J A Khalil, D H Thommen. 1976. [Contraception: the point].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1006573/
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the injury and recovery of the inferior alveolar nerve in orthognathic patients at 1 and 4 weeks after surgery using electronic thermography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty subjects with Class III dentofacial deformity were studied. All patients underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. To image the temperature of the face, 1 anteroposterior view and 1 lateral view were taken from both the right and left sides. Similar images were taken at 1 and 4 weeks after surgery. The control was the presurgical temperature of the 20 patients who showed unilateral or bilateral nerve damage after surgery. RESULTS: In the patients with unilateral nerve damage (n = 14), on the anteroposterior views, the temperatures of the mentum on the 2 sides differed by 0.64 degrees C at 1 week after surgery, and the difference decreased to 0.23 degrees C at 4 weeks after surgery. On the lateral images, the differences in temperature between the mentum areas were 0.10 degrees C at 1 week and 0.27 degrees C at 4 weeks after surgery. In the patients with bilateral nerve injury (n = 6), on the anteroposterior views, the temperatures of the mentum on the 2 sides differed by 0.20 degrees C at 1 week after surgery and 0.13 degrees C after 4 weeks. On the lateral views, the differences were 0.18 degrees C at 1 week and 0.34 degrees C at 4 weeks after surgery. Using the repeated measurement analysis method, the anteroposterior view showed statistically significant results in the patients with unilateral nerve damage. CONCLUSION: The infrared body temperature method is an objective method that can be applied as a supplemental diagnostic method for inferior alveolar nerve injury.
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An ingestible telemetric temperature sensor for measuring body core temperature (Tc) was first described 45 years ago, although the method has only recently gained widespread use for exercise applications. This review aims to (1) use Bland and Altman's limits of agreement (LoA) method as a basis for quantitatively reviewing the agreement between intestinal sensor temperature (Tintestinal), oesophageal temperature (Toesophageal) and rectal temperature (Trectal) across numerous previously published validation studies; (2) review factors that may affect agreement; and (3) review the application of this technology in field-based exercise studies. The agreement between Tintestinal and Toesophageal is suggested to meet our delimitation for an acceptable level of agreement (ie, systematic bias <0.1 degrees C and 95% LoA within +/-0.4 degrees C). The agreement between Tintestinal and Trectal shows a significant systematic bias >0.1 degrees C, although the 95% LoA is acceptable. Tintestinal responds less rapidly than Toesophageal at the start or cessation of exercise or to a change in exercise intensity, but more rapidly than Trectal. When using this technology, care should be taken to ensure adequate control over sensor calibration and data correction, timing of ingestion and electromagnetic interference. The ingestible sensor has been applied successfully in numerous sport and occupational applications such as the continuous measurement of Tc in deep sea saturation divers, distance runners and soldiers undertaking sustained military training exercises. It is concluded that the ingestible telemetric temperature sensor represents a valid index of Tc and shows excellent utility for ambulatory field-based applications.