PubMed · 1003057
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J A Pittman, C W Scott. 1976. How many doctors?. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1003057/
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Asynchronous distance learning programs in health informatics are becoming more prevalent, but there is little research on the best practices of asynchronous learning technologies. There are virtually no data on the value of video of the instructor compared to an audio slide presentation. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in which we showed the same slide presentation to two groups of students. One group saw a video of the instructor giving the lecture and the other group saw the same presentation with audio only. Our results show that adding video to an audio presentation does not lead to greater satisfaction or greater learning. Students may think they want the video, but those who have it are not uniformly pleased with it. These results demonstrate that despite the intuitive appeal of streaming video, the addition of a video to an audio presentation may not be worth the extra expense and effort.
A 1.78 kb sequence, including the E, M, 5a and 5b genes, and the intergenic region between the M and 5a genes, of six US strains of infectious bronchitis (corona)virus (IBV) were sequenced and compared to the published sequences for two additional strains. The overall identities as determined through pairwise analyses of nucleotide sequences of the entire 1.78kb region ranged from 90 to 99%, with the 5b open reading frame (ORF) having the greatest identity (94-99%) while the identities of the E, 5a and M ORFs ranged from 87 to 100%. Nucleotide sequencing of recent field isolates from Alabama (Ala1) and California (Cal3) revealed distinct shifts in homology in the M gene, indicating two apparent recombination events between the Holland 52/Mass41-like strain and an Ark-like strain, both origins of commonly used vaccine strains. Putative sites of recombination could also be identified in both the E and M ORFs of laboratory strains of IBV.
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