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Fishes

Fishes: explore 9 source-linked works published from 2025 to 2026, with original documents and citations.

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Includes records with this source-supplied label or an explicit phrase match in their metadata. Matches indicate a mention, not proof that a paper uses a method or tests a material. Source versions are consolidated by DOI.

Sources: pubmed. Collection updated 2026-09-15. Counts describe this index, not the complete source archives.

PubMed2026

Metabolic depot for nucleated erythrocyte degradation: molecular and structural elucidation of the teleost melanomacrophage center.

The function of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) has long been controversial. While their foundational function is widely accepted as "metabolic dumps" for waste processing, a widely circulated hypothesis posits that they are primitive germinal centers (GCs) executing adaptive immunity. To elucidate this controversy, this study systematically evaluated the splenic MMCs in a higher teleost ( Micropterus salmoides) by combining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution spatial transcriptomics. Structurally, TEM revealed that the MMC comprises a core with characteristic sparse cellular density, filled with cellular debris and encapsulated by a fibrous layer. Molecularly, under physiological conditions, MMC regions exhibited low transcriptional activity. We did not detect clear enrichment of B cell and T cell lineage genes, and the key GC marker aicda was not observed. Conversely, its predominant molecular signature was characterized by macrophage-driven iron metabolism (e.g., ferritin) and erythrocyte degradation (e.g., hba1). Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of MMCs pigments (e.g., argyrophilia) suggest that traditional histological staining methods warrant cautious interpretation regarding potential non-specific signals. In conclusion, our findings characterize the MMC as a highly specialized metabolic processing and sequestration niche. This study provides new perspectives on the evolution of immune-metabolic homeostasis in poikilothermic vertebrates, advances comparative immunology, and offers a critical scientific reference for the accurate interpretation of MMCs as a biological indicator in pathology and ecotoxicology.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Operationalizing Local Ecological Knowledge for Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation: A Systematic Review and Management Framework.

Effective conservation and management of aquatic biodiversity is severely constrained by the absence of long-term ecological data in small-scale, tropical, and data-poor fisheries, where roughly one-quarter to one-third of freshwater fish species and 37.5% of elasmobranchs are threatened with extinction once Data Deficient species are accounted for. Conventional monitoring and stock-assessment tools are often financially and technically inaccessible in these systems, leaving managers without the evidence needed to prioritize conservation action or implement precautionary governance. Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) is a largely underutilized resource for natural resource management that can provide temporal depth, spatial resolution, and species-specific ecological insights unavailable from scientific records. We conducted a systematic review and bibliometric synthesis of 60 peer-reviewed studies (1997-2025) applying LEK to assess fish conservation status, examining how, where, and through what methods this knowledge has been used. Our analysis identifies four complementary pathways through which LEK informs conservation management: reconstructing multi-decadal population changes, documenting spatial contraction and habitat loss, detecting extreme rarity and local extirpation, and characterizing intrinsic sensitivity to exploitation based on life-history traits. Despite growing methodological rigor, freshwater systems and African fisheries remain critically underrepresented, and formal integration of LEK into fisheries governance and biodiversity assessment remains the exception rather than the rule. We propose a practical three-stage framework to operationalize LEK within existing management and conservation systems. Recognizing fishing communities as legitimate co-producers of ecological knowledge is both scientifically necessary and an equity imperative for achieving global biodiversity commitments under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

Biodiversity↗
PubMed2026

Mechanistic insights into flavor deterioration in bitter sturgeon caviar: Evidence from lipidomics and metagenomics.

This study systematically compared the flavor and multi-omics differences between normal caviar and bitter caviar based on quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), volatile compounds (VOCs) analysis, untargeted lipidomics, and metagenomics. The results showed that bitter caviar was characterized not only by increased bitterness, but also by decreased positive sensory attributes, including buttery, nutty, and marine fresh. VOCs analysis indicated that the volatile profile of bitter caviar was reorganized. Compounds such as 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 1-octen-3-ol, and (E, Z)-2,6-nonadienal showed higher relative odor activity values (rOAVs); however, these changes did not improve its overall sensory experience. Untargeted lipidomics identified 492 differential lipids. These changes were mainly characterized by decreased PC and increased DG and LPC in bitter caviar. KEGG pathways analysis showed that these differential lipids were mainly associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism, choline metabolism in cancer, and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. Metagenomic analysis showed that bacteria dominated the microbial community of caviar. Among them, Bacillus and Micromonospora showed relatively high abundance in the caviar microbiota. They were also closely associated with lipid metabolic changes involving PC, DG, and LPC, suggesting their potential as candidate targets for future microbiota-directed regulation of caviar quality. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying sensory deterioration and flavor formation in bitter caviar, and offer a theoretical basis for improving caviar quality in industrial production.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Uncovering molecular regulatory networks of low-temperature stress response in Trachinotus ovatus via integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses.

Golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) is one of the most economically important marine fish species in China. It is susceptible to low-temperature stress, which significantly challenges its production and supply. Nevertheless, study on the regulatory mechanisms underlying low-temperature stress responses in golden pompano remains limited. Here, we firstly performed a time-series transcriptome analysis to reconstruct dynamic response patterns under low-temperature stress in golden pompano. Transcriptome profiling identified common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including fos, hlf, and hmgb1, as well as condition-specific DEGs across distinct low-temperature stress groups. Based on cluster analysis, all DEGs were classified into five distinct expression patterns, reflecting diversified regulation of expression in golden pompano during low-temperature stress. Furthermore, condition-specific regulatory modules were explored via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), highlighting that the two module hub genes, serbf2 and lipc, might respond to low-temperature stress by regulating the lipid catabolic process. Subsequently, untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that glycerophospholipid metabolism was a significantly enriched common pathway, highlighting its crucial role in mediating the response to low-temperature stress. Finally, by integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, a gene-metabolite interaction network associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism under low-temperature stress was established. These findings underscore the significance of multiple candidate genes and glycerophospholipid metabolism in golden pompano's response to low-temperature stress, thereby laying a solid molecular foundation for the development of low-temperature-tolerant fish strains.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Integrative machine learning and transcriptomic analysis reveals molecular mechanisms underlying low survival rate in larval Chinese Bahaba (Bahaba taipingensis).

Chinese Bahaba (Bahaba taipingensis) is a Class I protected marine fish endemic to China. Low larvae survival during artificial breeding severely hinder population recovery. To investigate the molecular mechanism of high mortality in larval fish, this study performed RNA-seq on liver from naturally deceased (ND) and mass-dead (MD) individuals, combined with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and random forest (RF) algorithms to screen for core signature genes. A total of 873 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 112 upregulated and 761 downregulated genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed significant enrichment in amino acid metabolism disorders, one‑carbon folate pool impairment, PPAR signaling abnormalities, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion pathway, indicating widespread metabolic suppression accompanied by extracellular matrix remodeling and signaling disturbances in the livers of MD fish. MAD pre-filtering combined with dual machine learning algorithms yielded 18 robust core signature genes, among which SLC38A4, MMP1, FADD, FKBP5, and APOB were consistently identified as high-frequency core genes by both algorithms. SLC38A4 exhibited the highest importance score in the RF model and was significantly downregulated, making it the primary molecule distinguishing ND from MD phenotypes. ROC curve analysis showed that both models achieved an AUC of 1.000 (95% CI lower bound: 0.610), confirming the precise discriminatory ability of the core genes. GSEA further demonstrated significant enrichment of this core gene set in ND samples. This study provides the first systematic elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying liver dysfunction in low survival rate B. taipingensis, characterized by amino acid transport impairment, metabolic reprogramming, and structural remodeling, offering theoretical foundations for health assessment, early mortality risk warning, and artificial breeding conservation of this species.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Integrative analysis of transcriptome and DNA methylome dynamics during caudal fin regeneration in silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus).

Caudal fin regeneration in teleost fish is a complex, multi-stage process involving coordinated molecular and cellular changes. While the role of epigenetic regulation particularly DNA methylation has been studied in model freshwater species such as zebrafish, its contribution to regeneration in marine teleosts remains largely unexplored. In this study, we integrated transcriptomic and DNA methylomic data to characterize the temporal dynamics of gene expression and methylation during caudal fin regeneration in the silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus). Using RNA-sequencing and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) at three biologically critical time points 1, 3, and 7 days post-amputation (dpa), we characterized the spatiotemporal molecular landscape of caudal fin regeneration. These time points capture the key transitional phases of wound healing and inflammation (1 dpa), blastema formation and progenitor proliferation (3 dpa), and regenerative outgrowth with tissue remodeling (7 dpa), enabling robust detection of the major molecular programs underlying epimorphic regeneration. Concurrently, CG-methylome analysis identified thousands of dynamically changing differentially methylated regions (DMRs). A strong global inverse correlation was observed between promoter methylation and gene expression. Integrative analysis pinpointed key regeneration genes (fgf20a, msxb, sox9b) whose expression was associated with dynamic methylation changes in their promoters or gene bodies. We conclude that DNA methylation is a dynamic and key regulatory layer that acts in concert with transcriptional reprogramming to coordinate tissue regeneration, providing new insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying complex regenerative processes in teleosts.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Machine learning-assisted Mn-N-C nanozyme colorimetric sensor array for trace-level detection of biogenic amines in meat.

Accurate detection of biogenic amines (BAs) in meat remains challenging due to their high structural similarity and co-occurrence. Herein, an Mn-N-C nanozyme was synthesized via a metal-organic framework confined pyrolysis strategy, possessing excellent oxidase (OXD)- and peroxidase (POD)-like activities. The dual enzyme-like activity showed Km values of 0.1584 mM (OXD) and 0.1498 mM (POD), respectively, in detection system. Leveraging these properties, a colorimetric sensor array was constructed, enabling the detection of four representative BAs within a concentration range of 2-10 ppm with 100% classification accuracy. In addition, a concentration independent recognition model based on an artificial neural network was developed to address signal nonlinearity interference in meat. The integrated system achieved accurate trace-level identification of BAs in perishable fish, pork, and chicken, demonstrating its applicability for early-stage BAs monitoring and quality deterioration warning during storage and transportation.

Biogenic Amines↗
PubMed2026

Estrone disrupts early reproductive development in juvenile male Siniperca chuatsi and is associated with brain and gonadal responses.

Whether estrone (E1)-associated disruption of early reproductive development in fish is accompanied by brain responses in addition to direct gonadal effects remains unclear. Here, juvenile Siniperca chuatsi, a non-model but economically important freshwater species, were exposed for 60 d to 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 μg/L E1, spanning environmentally reported and elevated concentrations. By integrating waterborne concentration monitoring, histopathology, transcriptomics, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) validation, we evaluated E1-associated changes in brain and gonadal tissues during early reproductive development. Waterborne E1 concentrations remained generally stable throughout the exposure period. At the highest tested concentration (1.0 μg/L), E1 caused neuronal vacuolation and pyknosis in the hypothalamic region and induced distinct ovarian-like structures in the gonads of genetic males. In the brain, cyp19a1, crhr1, and adcy2a were significantly upregulated, whereas egr1 was significantly downregulated, indicating transcriptional changes in genes associated with local estrogen conversion, stress-response/cAMP signaling, and neuronal activity-related regulation within a broader injury/stress-response background. In the gonad, RNA-seq analysis showed significant downregulation of star2, hsd3b1, cyp17a1, and cyp11b and significant upregulation of hsd17b1, suggesting alterations in steroidogenesis-related gene expression at the transcriptomic level. qPCR analysis of selected gonadal candidate genes showed expression directions generally consistent with the RNA-seq results, and these molecular patterns were consistent with the feminized histological phenotype. Together, these results indicate that E1 can disrupt early reproductive development in juvenile S. chuatsi and support a cautious working model in which E1 exposure is accompanied by concurrent brain and gonadal responses. This study provides new evidence for understanding the toxic effects and ecological risk implications of natural estrogen E1 during early fish development.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Tracking microplastic contamination across seasons in a freshwater reservoir: Evidence from surface water, sediments, and fishes.

Microplastics (MPs) are prevalent contaminants in aquatic environments, posing substantial ecological and health risks. These particles migrate within the different layers of aquatic bodies with time and affect the respective biota. Thus, to get an in-depth understanding of the particles, this current study investigated the seasonal distribution, morphological and chemical characteristics, along with potential ecological and human health impacts in the samples including surface water, sediment, and fish from a drinking water supplying reservoir in eastern India. Across three different seasons, pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon samples were collected using optimized methods. Results revealed distinct seasonal trends: MP abundance in surface water peaked during the monsoon (mean: 1.15 MPs/L), while sediment showed the highest concentrations in the pre-monsoon (mean: 596 MPs/kg), indicating temporal accumulation dynamics influenced by runoff, hydrodynamics, and sedimentation. Fish gut analysis confirmed ingestion of MPs across five species, with concentrations ranging from 26 to 100 MPs/kg, depending on feeding habits. The most dominant MP type were fragments, followed by fibers, films, and beads. Polymer analysis via µFTIR identified polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride as prevalent, with hazard assessments (i.e., Polymer Hazard Index (PHI)) indicating medium to very high ecological risks. Heavy metal association was more dominant in the MPs isolated from sediments than the waterborne MPs. Pollution Load Index (PLI) values were > 1 in most seasons, confirming contamination. Health risk analysis suggested potential exposure through both drinking water and fish consumption. This study emphasizes the need for seasonal monitoring, improved waste management, and mitigation strategies to address MP pollution in freshwater ecosystems.

Microplastics↗
Compare source metadata on this page
WorkPublishedSource identifierSource
Metabolic depot for nucleated erythrocyte degradation: molecular and structural elucidation of the teleost melanomacrophage center.2026-09-18PMID 42706786pubmed
Operationalizing Local Ecological Knowledge for Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation: A Systematic Review and Management Framework.2026-09-15PMID 42742774pubmed
Mechanistic insights into flavor deterioration in bitter sturgeon caviar: Evidence from lipidomics and metagenomics.2026-08-14PMID 42705742pubmed
Uncovering molecular regulatory networks of low-temperature stress response in Trachinotus ovatus via integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses.2026-08-06PMID 42574773pubmed
Integrative machine learning and transcriptomic analysis reveals molecular mechanisms underlying low survival rate in larval Chinese Bahaba (Bahaba taipingensis).2026-07-18PMID 42480247pubmed
Integrative analysis of transcriptome and DNA methylome dynamics during caudal fin regeneration in silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus).2026-07-18PMID 42480248pubmed
Machine learning-assisted Mn-N-C nanozyme colorimetric sensor array for trace-level detection of biogenic amines in meat.2026-07-09PMID 42431040pubmed
Estrone disrupts early reproductive development in juvenile male Siniperca chuatsi and is associated with brain and gonadal responses.2026-06-10PMID 42302600pubmed
Tracking microplastic contamination across seasons in a freshwater reservoir: Evidence from surface water, sediments, and fishes.2025-12-25PMID 42680373pubmed

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