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Biomedical subjects

Zhi Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to Zhi Zhang.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Propofol effects on excitatory synaptic efficacy in the CA1 region of the developing hippocampus.

The anesthetic, propofol, effectively suppresses excitatory synaptic transmission and facilitates long-term depression (LTD) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Here, we have examined whether these effects are different in the developing hippocampus. We found that propofol in suppressing whole-cell excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSC) was more effective in 21 day old rats than either in 7 day old rats or under the condition of high intracellular chloride concentration in 21 day old rats. Furthermore, the propofol concentration to facilitate the NMDA receptor-dependent LTD was lower at postnatal day 21 than at postnatal day 7. Interestingly, the decay time of EPSC was decreased during the development from postnatal day 7 to 21, but it was increased by the recording condition of high intracellular chloride concentration or by propofol administration. All these effects of propofol were dependent on the chloride channel opening. These observations suggest that propofol may induce differential anesthetic effects in the developing hippocampus, at least partially, depending on the intracellular chloride concentration.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Ligustrazine attenuates acute lung injury after burn trauma.

Acute lung injury is a common complication in patients with extensive burns in which the burned area exceeds 30% of the total body surface area (TBSA). This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of Ligustrazine on burn-induced lung injury as well as the release of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in rats to characterize the role of Ligustrazine and IL-8 in lung injury after burn trauma. Sprague-dawley rats were divided into three groups: (1) sham group, rats who underwent sham burn; (2) control group, rats given third-degree burns over 30% TBSA and lactated Ringer solution for resuscitation; and (3) Ligustrazine group, rats given burn injury and lactated Ringer's solution with Ligustrazine inside for resuscitation. Pulmonary injury was assessed at 24 h by pulmonary capillary permeability determined with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled albumin and lung histologic analysis, and lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity as well as lung wet/dry weight ratio. The IL-8 levels were measured in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These studies showed that burn trauma results in increased pulmonary leakage permeability and lung wet/dry ratio, elevated serum IL-8 levels and MPO activity, and worsened histologic condition. Ligustrazine inhibited these changes, prevented burn-mediated lung injury, and the production of IL-8. This will likely provide further evidence for ligustrazine as a therapeutic strategy in burn-induced lung injury.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Effect of operation-synchronizing transfusion of apoptotic spleen cells from donor rats on acute rejection of recipient rats after liver transplantation.

AIM: To study effect of operation-synchronizing transfusion of apoptotic spleen cells from donor rats on acute rejection of recipient rats after liver transplantation. METHODS: Two of Wistar rats were chosen randomly for normal liver pathology control and ten of SD rats chosen randomly for liver function control as blank group (no operation). The rest of Wistar and SD rats were divided into four groups: control group (only liver transplantation), Dex group (donors receiving intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone), SpC group (recipients receiving infusion of spleen cells of donors), Dex-SpC group (recipients receiving infusion of apoptotic spleen cells of donors), with each group except blank group, containing 10 SD rats and 10 Wistar rats, respectively. Wistar rats received liver transplantation from SD rats, in the meantime they received infusion of spleen cells of donors, which were induced by an intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (3 mg/(d.kg).b.w) for three days before liver transplantation. The serum alanine transaminase (ALT), total bilirubin (T bili), liver pathological changes and survival time were analysed. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 10.0 for Windows. Differences of the parametric data of ALT in means were examined by one-way ANOVA. Differences of ALT between two groups were examined by LSD. Differences of the nonparametric data of T bili in means and scores of pathology classification for acute rejection were examined by Kruskal-Willis H test. The correlations between ALT and T bili were analysed by Bivariate. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to demonstrate survival distribution. The log-rank test was used to compare the survival data. RESULTS: There were significant differences in ALT of the five groups (F = 23.164 P = 0.000), and ALT in Dex-SpC group was significantly higher than that in blank control, control, Dex, and SpC groups (P = 0.000), and ALT in SpC group was significantly higher than that in blank control (P = 0.000), control (P = 0.004), and Dex groups (P = 0.02). Results of nonparametric analysis of T bili showed that there were differences in T bili of the five groups (chi(2) = 33.265 P = 0.000). T bili in Dex-SpC group was significantly higher than that in blank control, control, Dex, and SpC groups. T bili in SpC group was higher than that in blank control, control, and Dex groups. There were significant differences in scores of pathology classification for acute rejection in each of the groups (chi(2) = 25.933,P = 0.000). The pathologically more serious acute rejection was found in Dex-SPC group than in other groups. No sign of acute rejection was observed in the blank control group. Slight acute rejection was observed in the control group. Slight-moderate acute rejection was observed in the Dex group. Moderate-acute rejection was observed in the SpC group. Severe-acute rejection was observed in the Dex-SpC group. The survival time in Dex-SpC group was shorter than in other groups (statistic = 11.13, P = 0.011). ALT and T bili were positively correlated (r = 0.747, P = 0.000, two-tailed). CONCLUSION: In order to reduce quantity of blood loss from rats after liver transplantation, only one of ALT or T bili is needed for liver function measurement of rats. Simultaneous injection of apoptotic spleen cells from donors induced by dexamethasone to liver transplantation rats aggravates acute rejection. One important mechanism of aggravation of acute rejection may be that apoptotic cells are not removed in time and that dead cells including apoptotic cells release inflammatory factors.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Isolation of recombinant field strains of Marek's disease virus integrated with reticuloendotheliosis virus genome fragments.

Two Marek's disease virus (MDV) field strains were isolated from chickens with tumors independently from Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, and it was confirmed that there were no co-infections with reticuloendotheliosis viruses (REV) in chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEF) in indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFA) with REV-specific monoclonal antibodies. By dot blot hybridization and PCR of genomic DNA of MDV-infected CEF, it was indicated that LTR fragments of REV genome were integrated into genome of these two MDV field strains. To amplify and clone the integrated REV LTR with MDV sequence at the junction, 4 primers from REV LTR and 7 primers from MDV genome fragment with REV LTR insertion hot points were synthesized and 28 (4x7) pairs of primers (one from REV and another from MDV for each pair) were used in PCR while using the genomic DNA of both strains as the templates. The sequence data demonstrated that both recombinant field strains contained the same REV LTR inserted into MDV at the identical sites in US fragment of the genomes. From the above, it was speculated that both recombinant field MDVs were originated from a same recombinant virus and spread among chicken flocks in two provinces.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Expression of keratinocyte basement membrane related genes during the process of re-epithelialization of burn wound in scalded rats].

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of keratinocyte (KC) basement membrane (BM) related genes during the process of re-epithelialization of burn wound in scalded rats with cDNA microarray technique. METHODS: Twenty-four SD rats were inflicted with deep partial thickness scald with an area of 45 cm(2) on the back, and they were randomly divided into A [3 postscald day (PSD)], B (10 PSD), C (14 PSD) and D (re-epithelialization complete day) groups, with 6 rats in each group. Tissue samples were harvested from 1 cm of wound margin on 3, 10 and 14 PSD. On the re-epithelialization complete day, tissue samples were harvested from the center of the wound in D group and digested with enzyme into KC suspensions. Skin samples from the back of 6 uninjured rats were taken as normal control. The differential expression of KC BM related genes during different stages of re-epithelialization was assayed with cDNA microarray. RESULTS: The expression of laminin (LN) gamma 1 (2.068) and integrin beta8 (2.200) was up-regulated on 3 PSD compared with that in control. The expression of integrin beta1 and LN receptor 1 was up-regulated on 10 and 14 PSD, (2.472 and 2.658), while that of integrin beta2 and beta1 (0.419 and 0.462) down-regulated on 10 and 14 PSD, and the expression of type IV collagen alpha1 and alpha3 was up-regulated during re-epithelialization. CONCLUSION: The expression of integrin beta1, LN gamma 1, LN receptor 1, type IV collagen alpha1 and alpha3 genes were up-regulated during re-epithelialization, which might be beneficial to the construction of BM in new skin and the formation of stable conjunction between KC and BM.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Human bone marrow multipotent adult progenitor cells differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells with hepatocyte growth factor plus fibroblast growth factor-4 in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of the human bone marrow multipotent adult progenitor cells (hMAPCs) to differentiate into hepatocytes with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/ fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4) in vitro. METHODS: (1) Obtaining the hMAPCs. Bone marrow was obtained from volunteers and then centrifuged through density gradient centrifugation methods. The collected mononuclear cells were cultured through adheret culture to get mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The hMAPCs were obtained through collecting and isolating the MSCs by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) through depletion selection by use of CD45 and GlyA microbeads. (2) Differentiation of the hMAPCs with HGF+FGF-4. Group A: HGF (20 ng/ml) + FGF-4 (10 ng/ml) induced hMAPCs; group B (positive control group): L-02 human hepatocytes(cell lines); and group C (negative control group): the undifferentiated hMAPCs. (3) The expressions of albumin (Alb), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), cytokeratin-18 (CK-18), and cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) were detected with immunocytochemistry to identify the characteristics of the differentiated cells at different times and the ratio of the positive cells was determined. (4) ALB, AFP, CK-18, and CK-19 expressions of the differentiated cells were detected by RT-PCR assay to investigate the mRNA transcriptions of characteristic hepatic proteins. (5) Alb expressions of the differentiated cells at different times were detected by Western blot on the 21st and 35th days. RESULTS: (1) The results of immunocytochemistry. The staining of Alb, CK18 were essentially positive in group A. As an early marker of immature hepatocytes, AFP staining was positive on the 7th day but negative in later differentiating periods in group A. (2) The results of RT-PCR. On the 7th day, the differentiated hMAPCs expressed AFP mRNA but were negative in later differentiating periods. On the contrary, the mRNA of Alb and CK-18 were positive at all times. (3) The results of Western blot assay. Alb protein was positive on the 21st day and 35th day. CONCLUSIONS: Under some definite inducing conditions hMAPCs can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells. They may serve as a potential cell source for liver engineering.

Bone Marrow Cells↗
PubMed2005

[Immunogenicity of envelope glycoprotein gene of reticuloendotheliosis virus expressed in insect cell].

A recombinant baculovirus expressing reticuloendotheliosis virus env gene was constructed with Bac-to-Bac Baculovirus Expression Systems. After transfecting the recombinant virus into Sf9 cells for 3 days, REV env can be detected by indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA) and Western blot with specific monoclonal antibodies of REV. The oil-water emulsion vaccine was then produced using this infected Sf9 cells lycates and inoculated SPF chickens to validate the immunogenicity for REV. The results show that special anti-REV antibody can maintain more than 45 days and resist the infection of REV viruses. This is the first success to induce anti-REV antibody in chickens by none-live viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Application of Helena SAS-3 full automatic hemoglobin agarose electrophoresis].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of Halena SAS-3 full automatic hemoglobin agarose electrophoresis in the diagnosis of thalassemia. METHODS: Hemoglobin A and A2 was detected by agarose electrophoresis in 200 blood samples collected from 170 healthy subjects, 2 patients with beta-thalassemia, 12 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 12 acute myelocytic leukemia and with 4 non-Hodgkin lymphoma. RESULTS: The Mean+/-SD of hemoglobin A in the healthy subjects and patients with beta-thalassemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma was 97.55+/-0.51, 97.01+/-0.329, 97.42+/-0.57, 97.44+/-0.55, and that of A2 was 2.44+/-0.51, 2.99+/-0.32, 2.84+/-0.28, 2.55+/-0.55, respectively. The values of electrophoresed hemoglobin F of the 2 patients with beta-thalassemia were higher than those of the normal adults. The within-run coefficient of variation (CV) and between-run CV was 0.17 and 7.76 for hemoglobin A, and 0.16 and 7.14 for hemoglobin A2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Halena SAS-3 full automatic agarose electrophoresis system possesses strong resolving power in detecting trace abnormal hemoglobin and accurately identifies unusual evaluation of hemoglobin A2 and F to facilitate the diagnosis of thalassemia.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2005

[The influence of topical application of insulin on the formation of basement membrane in scalded rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of topical application of insulin on the formation of basement membrane (BM) in rats with deep partial thickness scald. METHODS: Ninety-six SD rats were inflicted with deep partial thickness scald on the back and were randomized into A group (n = 48, with subcutaneous injection of 2 ml of isotonic saline on the 1 post scald day (PSD)) and B group (n = 48, with subcutaneous injection of 0.1 U of insulin and 2 ml of isotonic saline on the 1 PSD). The rats received the treatment every other day until wound re-epithelization completed. Then the rats were sacrificed on 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 14 PSD, and on the day when the wound re-epithelialized completely. The skin samples of 1 cm in width were harvested at the edge of the wound for reticular fiber staining and for morphological observation of the wound BM with transmission electron microscope. The expression of laminin-5 mRNA and laminin in keratinocyte was determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Integrated and continuous structure of the basement membrane was observed in B group. Laminin-5 mRNA expression was much higher in B group than that in A group on 10 and 14 PSD (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Laminin-5 mRNA expression was decreased in both groups when epithelialization completed. But the Laminin-5 protein expression on 14 PSD and the day of epithelization (56 +/- 8, 101 +/- 13) was obviously higher in B group than that in A group (39 +/- 5, 73 +/- 16), (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous injection of 0.1 U insulin beneath the scald wound is beneficial to the acceleration of the wound re-epithelialization process, and to the improvement of the wound healing quality.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Bcl-2 homodimerization involves two distinct binding surfaces, a topographic arrangement that provides an effective mechanism for Bcl-2 to capture activated Bax.

The homo- and heterodimerization of Bcl-2 family proteins is important for transduction and integration of apoptotic signals and control of the permeability of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Here we mapped the interface of the Bcl-2 homodimer in a cell-free system using site-specific photocross-linking. Bcl-2 homodimer-specific photoadducts were detected from 11 of 17 sites studied. When modeled into the structure of Bcl-2 core, the interface is composed of two distinct surfaces: an acceptor surface that includes the hydrophobic groove made by helices 2 and 8 and the loop connecting helices 4 and 5 and a donor surface that is made by helices 1-4 and the loop connecting helices 2 and 3. The two binding surfaces are on separate faces of the three-dimensional structure, explaining the formation of Bcl-2 homodimers, homo-oligomers, and Bcl-2/Bax hetero-oligomers. We show that in vitro the Bcl-2 dimer can still interact with activated Bax as a larger oligomer. However, formation of a Bax/Bcl-2 heterodimer is favored, since this interaction inhibits Bcl-2 homodimerization. Our data support a simple model mechanism by which Bcl-2 interacts with activated Bax during apoptosis in an effective manner to neutralize the proapoptotic activity of Bax.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2004

Molecular evolution of sex-biased genes in Drosophila.

Studies of morphology, interspecific hybridization, protein/DNA sequences, and levels of gene expression have suggested that sex-related characters (particularly those involved in male reproduction) evolve rapidly relative to non-sex-related characters. Here we report a general comparison of evolutionary rates of sex-biased genes using data from cDNA microarray experiments and comparative genomic studies of Drosophila. Comparisons of nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rates (d(N)/d(S)) between species of the D. melanogaster subgroup revealed that genes with male-biased expression had significantly faster rates of evolution than genes with female-biased or unbiased expression. The difference was caused primarily by a higher d(N) in the male-biased genes. The same pattern was observed for comparisons among more distantly related species. In comparisons between D. melanogaster and D. pseudoobscura, genes with highly biased male expression were significantly more divergent than genes with highly biased female expression. In many cases, orthologs of D. melanogaster male-biased genes could not be identified in D. pseudoobscura through a Blast search. In contrast to the male-biased genes, there was no clear evidence for accelerated rates of evolution in female-biased genes, and most comparisons indicated a reduced rate of evolution in female-biased genes relative to unbiased genes. Male-biased genes did not show an increased ratio of nonsynonymous/synonymous polymorphism within D. melanogaster, and comparisons of polymorphism/divergence ratios suggest that the rapid evolution of male-biased genes is caused by positive selection.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Response of seizure-induced newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus of adult rats to second episode of seizures.

In this study we examined the unknown issue of whether seizure-induced newborn hippocampal neurons in freely moving adult rats are able to respond to pathophysiological stimuli in the same way as their neighboring neurons do. Three days after pentylenetrazol (PTZ)-induced generalized seizures, rats received 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) injections to label dividing cells, followed 4 weeks later by the second PTZ injection to induce second episode of generalized seizures. We observed that the first episode of PTZ-induced seizures resulted in a significant increase in the number of newborn neurons in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus. In comparison with vehicle-injected control rats that exhibited no Fos immunoreactivity and mild glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) expression in the dentate granule cells, rats killed 2-6 h following the second PTZ injection showed intensive Fos and GAD67 expression in virtually all granule cells with or without BrdU double-labeling. These findings provide important evidence indicating that seizure-induced newborn neurons in freely moving adult rats are able to respond to pathophysiological stimuli in the same way as neighboring neurons do.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Protein kinase C-dependent activation of P44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase and heat shock protein 70 in signal transduction during hepatocyte ischemic preconditioning.

AIM: To investigate the significance of protein kinase C(PKC), P44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and heat shock protein (HSP)70 signal transduction during hepatocyte ischemic preconditioning. METHODS: In this study we used an in vitro ischemic preconditioning (IP) model for hepatocytes and an in vivo model for rat liver to investigate the significance of protein kinase C (PKC), P44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P44/42 MAPKs) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) signal transduction in IP. Through a normal liver cell hypoxic preconditioning (HP) model in which cultured normal liver cells were subjected to 3 cycles of 5 min of incubation under hypoxic conditions followed by 5 min of reoxygenation and subsequently exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation for 6 h and 9 h respectively. PKC inhibitor, activator and MEK inhibitor were utilized to analyze the phosphorylation of PKC, the expression of P44/42 MAPKs and HSP70. Viability and cellular ultrastructure were also observed. By using rat liver as an in vivo model of liver preconditioning (3 cycles of 10-min occlusion and 10-min reperfusion), in vivo phosphorylation of PKC and P44/42MAPKs, HSP70 expression were further analyzed. AST/ALT concentration, cellular structure and ultrastructure were also observed. All the data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Similar results were obtained in both in vivo and in vitro IP models. Compared with the control without IP (or HP), the phosphorylation of PKC and P44/42 MAPKs and the expression of HSP70 were obviously increased in IP (or HP) treated model in which cytoprotection could be found. The effects of preconditioning were mimicked by stimulating PKC with 4beta phorobol-12-myristate13-acetate (PMA). Conversely, inhibiting PKC with chelerythrine abolished the protection given by preconditioning. PD98059, inhibitor of MEK (the upstream kinase of P44/42MAPKs), also reverted the cytoprotection exerted by preconditioning. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that preconditioning induces a rapid activation of P44/42MAPKs and PKC activation plays a pivotal role in the activation of P44/42 MAPKs pathway that participates in the preservation of liver cells. HSP expression is regulated by signals in PKC dependent P44/42 MAPKs pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Oncostatin M, a cytokine released by activated mononuclear cells, induces epithelial cell-myofibroblast transdifferentiation via Jak/Stat pathway activation.

Interactions between inflammatory infiltrates and resident tubular epithelial cells may play important roles in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, by promoting epithelial cell-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (EMT). Human proximal tubular epithelial cells transdifferentiated to myofibroblasts after treatment with activated PBMC conditioned medium. mRNA and protein levels for alpha-smooth muscle actin, collagen I, and fibronectin EDA(+) (markers for the myofibroblastic phenotype) were increased, whereas those for E-cadherin and cytokeratin 19 (markers for the epithelial phenotype) were decreased. cDNA microarray analysis was used to identify other changes in gene expression that might point to novel molecular mechanisms driving EMT. Of 1176 array genes, 61 demonstrated at least a twofold change at at least two consecutive time points, of the five time points examined (0.5, 4, 8, 16, and 48 h). Of these genes, 59% were upregulated and 41% were downregulated. The array indicated upregulation of expression of the oncostatin M (OSM)-specific receptor beta subunit from 4 to 48 h after exposure of kidney epithelial cells to activated PBMC conditioned medium, which contained high levels of OSM. In additional experiments, it was demonstrated that OSM induced EMT. OSM activated the Jak/Stat signaling pathway in epithelial cells, and a specific inhibitor of Jak2 blocked both its phosphorylation after exposure to OSM and the induction of alpha-actin and loss of cytokeratin 19 expression. Therefore, OSM is a novel inducer of EMT and is likely to be one of several cytokines produced by inflammatory infiltrates that contribute to this and subsequent tubulointerstitial fibrosis.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed2004

Stereotypic and specific elements of the human colonic response to Entamoeba histolytica and Shigella flexneri.

The clinical presentations of bacillary dysentery caused by shigella, and amoebic dysentery caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, can be indistinguishable, with both organisms causing colonic mucosal damage and ulceration. However, the two organisms are quite distinct, and have very different pathogenic mechanisms. This raises the fundamental question of whether the similar clinical manifestations reflect a stereotypic response of the human gut to mucosal injury, or whether there are differences at the molecular level in the host response to individual gut pathogens. To characterize the human colonic response to each pathogen at the molecular level, we measured the differential transcription of nearly 40,000 human genes in sections of human colonic xenografts obtained 4 and 24 h following infection with Shigella flexneri or E. histolytica. Our results indicate that much of the human colonic response to these two pathogens is stereotypic, with increased expression of genes activated in cells undergoing stress and/or hypoxic responses, genes encoding cytokines, chemokines, and mediators that are involved in immune and inflammatory responses, and genes encoding proteins involved in responses to tissue injury and in tissue repair. The responses to amoeba and Shigella were not identical however, and we found unique elements in each response that may provide new insights into the distinct pathogenic mechanisms of E. histolytica and S. flexneri.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Expression of amoebapores is required for full expression of Entamoeba histolytica virulence in amebic liver abscess but is not necessary for the induction of inflammation or tissue damage in amebic colitis.

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites produce amoebapores, a family of small amphipathic peptides capable of insertion into bacterial or eukaryotic membranes and causing cellular lysis. Recently, E. histolytica trophozoites that are totally deficient in the production of amoebapore-A were created through a gene silencing mechanism (R. Bracha, Y. Nuchamowitz, and D. Mirelman, Eukaryot. Cell 2:295-305, 2003). Here we tested the virulence of amoebapore A(-) trophozoites in models of the two major forms of amebic disease: amebic liver abscess and amebic colitis. We demonstrate that amoebapore expression is required for full virulence in the SCID mouse model of amebic liver abscess, but E. histolytica trophozoites that do not express amoebapore-A can still cause inflammation and tissue damage in infected human colonic xenografts. These data are consistent with the concept that tissue damage may proceed by different mechanisms in amebic liver abscess compared to amebic colitis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Six novel mutations in PAH gene detected by sequencing].

OBJECTIVE: To explore new mutation in phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene. METHODS: The PAH genes from 40 phenylketonuria (PKU) patients and 30 normal controls were screened by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and further sequencing. RESULTS: Eleven mutations and 3 polymorphisms in PAH gene were found. No abnormalities in the PAH gene from 30 controls were detected. CONCLUSION: M276K, M276R, 280insT, IVS10nt+32T-->A, IVS4nt+47C-->T were demonstrated as novel mutations in comparison with the PAH mutation database. One mission mutation (H290R) was first documented in Chinese PKU gene.

DNA Mutational Analysis↗