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Zhenyu Wu

Publications and source records attributed to Zhenyu Wu.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

NAT10 is critical to block RNA sensing-induced IFN-β transactivation in viral infection.

UNLABELLED: Cells detect invading viruses and produce type I interferons (IFNs) to stimulate an innate antiviral effector response. However, IFN levels must be fine-tuned to achieve antiviral efficacy while limiting hyperinflammatory and tissue-damaging effects. Here, we report that NAT10, a histone and cytidine acetyltransferase, regulates the production of type I IFNs and RNA virus infections. Depletion of NAT10 increased the expression of IFN-β and IFN-stimulated genes, and correspondingly impaired viral replication. Mechanistically, NAT10 dynamically associated with the IFN-β promoter and also negatively regulated IRF3's chromatin associations through modulation of long noncoding RNAs that inhibit IRF3. Treatment of cells with Remodelin, a NAT10 inhibitor, similarly increased IFN-β expression and inhibited viral infections. Overall, our findings reveal NAT10 is a potential host-directed target for antiviral treatment via regulation of type I IFN. IMPORTANCE: Type I interferons (IFNs) signaling pathway is critical to cellular defense and innate immunity against evading pathogens, including viruses. However, induction of type I IFNs is fine-tuned to achieve the antiviral consequence while maintaining host cellular homeostasis. This paper presents a novel mechanism for the NAT10 protein to silence IFN-β induction through modulation of IRF3 activity at the promoter of IFN-β, and further demonstrates the therapeutic potential of the NAT10 inhibitor Remodelin to restrict viral infection while inducing IFN-β.

Interferon-beta↗
PubMed2005

Joint source/channel coding for image transmission with JPEG2000 over memoryless channels.

The high compression efficiency and various features provided by JPEG2000 make it attractive for image transmission purposes. A novel joint source/channel coding scheme tailored for JPEG2000 is proposed in this paper to minimize the end-to-end image distortion within a given total transmission rate through memoryless channels. It provides unequal error protection by combining the forward error correction capability from channel codes and the error detection/localization functionality from JPEG2000 in an effective way. The proposed scheme generates quality scalable and error-resilient codestreams. It gives competitive performance with other existing schemes for JPEG2000 in the matched channel condition case and provides more graceful quality degradation for mismatched cases. Furthermore, both fixed-length source packets and fixed-length channel packets can be efficiently formed with the same algorithm.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor on isolated developing mouse Sertoli cells in vitro.

Cell proliferation is a key factor in sex determination where a size increase relative to the XX gonad is one of the first signs of testis differentiation. Moreover, proliferation of Sertoli cells during development is important in building up the stock of supporting cells necessary for subsequent successful fertility. Because proliferation is such an essential part of testis development, the hypothesis under long-term investigation is that it is under fail-safe control by multiple alternative growth factors. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on developing mouse Sertoli cells in vitro. Sertoli cells, isolated from mouse embryos at three stages of testis development, were maintained for 2-7 days in vitro (div) in the presence or absence of GDNF at 1, 10 and 100 ng mL(-1). Overall the presence of extracellular matrix gel had little effect on proliferative activity, but encouraged expression of the epithelial phenotype. A statistically significant difference in proliferation, assessed by immunocytochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, was seen with GDNF at embryonic day (E)12.5 after 2 div (at both 10 and 100 ng mL(-1), P < 0.001) and 7 div (at both 10 and 100 ng mL(-1), P < 0.05); at E13.5 after 3 div (at both 10 and 100 ng mL(-1), P < 0.05) and at E14.5 after 7 div (100 ng mL(-1), P < 0.01), compared with controls cultured without growth factor. In conclusion, GDNF stimulates mitosis throughout this critical developmental window. The in vitro approach used here is a useful adjunct to the knockout mouse model and has been applied to show that GDNF exerts a proliferative effect on developing mouse Sertoli cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Time-resolved spectroscopic behavior of Fe2O3 and ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals.

Using nanosecond (ns) and femtosecond (fs) time-resolved absorption spectroscopies (pump-probe technique), the carrier dynamics in transition metal oxide nanocrystals of alpha-Fe2O3 and ZnFe2O4 was studied during the photolysis process. For Fe2O3 and ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals, the fs measurements detect similar profiles of a positive nonlinear absorption in their capped nanocrystals, whereas much weak signals in the naked particles. In the nanosecond measurements Fe2O3 and ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals show obvious excitation-power dependent absorption properties and at the low pump power they show weak photobleaching, but at high pump power they produce positive nonlinear absorptions. For Fe2O3 nanocrystals, the threshold power of negative absorption (bleach) to positive absorption increases with reducing size, whereas for the ZnFe2O4 samples, the threshold powers reach minimum at a critical size of 11 nm, grow for both the bigger and the smaller nanocrystals. These results reflect the influences of their microscopic magnetic couplings and carrier correlation on biexciton absorption in Fe2O3 and ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals. All the results indicate that the time resolved photoabsorption techniques are useful to study the microscopic spin interactions and carrier correlations in transition metal oxide nanocrystals.

Journal Article↗