Morphometry explains variation in airway responsiveness in transgenic mice overexpressing interleukin-6 and interleukin-11 in the lung.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
Z Zhu
Publications and source records attributed to Z Zhu.
Aryloxypropanolamine and catecholamine ligand interactions with the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor: evidence for interaction with distinct conformations of beta(1)-adrenergic receptors.
Pharmacological responses to aryloxypropanolamines were examined in cells expressing rat or human beta(1)-adrenergic receptors (ARs) using adenylyl cyclase assays. The aryloxypropanolamines CGP 12177 and LY 362884, originally developed as beta(3)-AR agonists, were found to stimulate the beta(1)-AR. Interestingly, both CGP 12177 and LY 362884 exhibited an anomalous biphasic effect on beta(1)-AR. Low concentrations of either CGP 12177 or LY 362884 potently blocked isoproterenol-induced stimulation of beta(1)-AR, whereas higher concentrations of these compounds stimulated the beta(1)-AR. The unusual interaction of these aryloxypropanolamine ligands with the beta(1)-AR was further characterized using beta-AR antagonists. Activation of beta(1)-AR by CGP 12177 or LY 362884 was observed to be significantly more resistant to blockade by beta-AR antagonists compared with activation by catecholamines. These results suggest that catecholamines and aryloxypropanolamines interact with distinct active conformations of the beta(1)-AR: a state that is responsive to catecholamines and is blocked with high affinity by CGP 12177 and LY 362884, and a novel state that is activated by aryloxypropanolamines but is resistant to blockade by standard beta-AR antagonists. Moreover, dependence of antagonist affinity on agonist structure is unprecedented, and its implications on the use of beta-AR agonists such as CGP 12177 in receptor classification are discussed.
Adenylyl Cyclases↗
Nonlinear pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in ovarian cancer patients.
AIM: To characterize the disposition of paclitaxel in patients with ovarian carcinoma after a 3-h infusion. METHODS: Fifteen patients with advanced ovarian cancer were enrolled and were administered paclitaxel in a 3-h infusion at dosing levels of 135 mg/m2, 175 mg/m2, and 235 mg/m2. Thirteen plasma samples were obtained during the infusion and up to 24 h after the infusion. Paclitaxel concentrations in plasma were determined by HPLC assay. Pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed with noncompartment model and model-dependent method. RESULTS: The disposition of paclitaxel in patients with ovarian cancer conformed to a two-compartment model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of three groups were T1/2 beta (5.18 +/- 3.49), (6.26 +/- 2.21), and (6.99 +/- 1.45) h, AUC (14.71 +/- 0.76), (39.09 +/- 13.10), and (66.52 +/- 12.23) mg.h.L-1, Cl (14.29 +/- 0.74), (7.52 +/- 2.15), and (6.25 +/- 1.93) L.h-1, respectively. CONCLUSION: The disposition of paclitaxel was nonlinear after a 3-h infusion. There was individual variability of metabolism among patients.
Adult↗
[Parasitic metamorphosis development of Lamprotula fibrosa].
The glochidia of Lamprotula fibrosa develop to maturity in the outer gill of female and are expelled to the outside in winter, and then, the mature glochidia are parasitized to the gill of fish host and start the parasitic metamorphosis development. The parasitic period lasts about 4 months. The inner and outer byssuses disappear after parasitizing for 3 days. The foots develop after 35 days. The intestine, adductor muscle, nephridium and gill anlage develop after 90 days. The shells become thick and protrusive. The glochidia become larvae with a size of 253.37 x 273.26 x 179.96 microns in the next spring, then leave the gill of fish host, and start their independent life.
Animals↗
Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning induces neuroprotection against ischemia in transient not permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model.
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine if repeated hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure induces ischemic tolerance in focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS: Sixty male SD rats were used in this study. Thirty animals underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and the other thirty permanent MCAO model. The rats were randomly allocated to 3 sub-groups: control group (n = 10), HBO-3 group (n = 10), and HBO-5 group (n = 10). The animals in HBO-3 and HBO-5 groups received 1 hour hyperbaric oxygenation at 2.5 atmosphere absolute (ATA) in 100% oxygen every day for 3 and 5 days, respectively. The animals in the control group received sham treatments. 24 hours after the last HBO, transient MCAO (120 min) and permanent MCAO were induced by introducing a 3-0 nylon monofilament suture through internal carotid artery based on the Koizumi technique. The neurological outcome was evaluated until 24 hours after reperfusion in transient MCAO rats and ischemia in permanent MCAO rats. The infarct volume was then assessed by TTC staining. RESULTS: In transient MCAO rats, the neurological outcome in both the HBO-3 and HBO-5 groups was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05 and 0.001). The infarct volume decreased from 171.5 +/- 113 mm3 to 40.6 +/- 49.9 mm3(P < 0.05) in the HBO-3 group and 16.2 +/- 28.8 mm3(P < 0.01) in the HBO-5 group. There were no significant differences in neurological outcome and infarct volume among the three groups in permanent MCAO rats. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that HBO preconditioning can induce ischemic tolerance in transient not permanent MCAO rats in a "dose-dependent" manner.
Animals↗
[Preliminary clinical comparison of HLF and ELF regimen in the treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma in middle-aged and elderly patients].
OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effects and toxicity of HLF (hydroxycamptothecin HCPT/leucovorin LV/fluorouracil 5-Fu) regimen and ELF (etoposide VP-16/LV/5-Fu) regimen in middle-aged and elderly patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. METHODS: A group of twenty-five cases were treated with HLF regimen, and the other group of 23 cases were treated with ELF regimen. RESULTS: Of the 25 cases treated with HLF regimen, there was no complete remission (CR), but there were 12 partial response (PR), 11 no response (NC), and 2 had progressive disease (PD). The response rate (RR) was 48.0%. Of the 23 patients treated with ELF regimen, there was no CR, there were 9 PR, 11 NC, and 3 PD. The RR was 39.1% (P > 0.05). The main toxicity was myelosuppression and stomatocace. Grade III-IV stomatocace in HLF regimen group (68.0%) was more commonly seen than that in ELF regimen group (39.1%, P < 0.05). There was no cardiac or renal toxicity observed. CONCLUSION: HLF regimen is promising for treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma in middle-aged and elderly patients with the merits of low toxicity affecting heart, kidney and bladder except stomatocace, which is worthy of further clinical trial.
Aged↗
[The relationship among proinsulin and true insulin to coronary artery disease].
OBJECTIVE: Whether proinsulin (PI) and true insulin (TI) are independently related to coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: 54 patients with CAD diagnosed by coronary angiography and/or intravascular ultrasound, 37 patients without CAD by coronary angiography and/or intravascular ultrasound and 23 healthy volunteers. All subjects had oral glucose tolerance test after an overnight 14 h fast. PI and TI concentrations were detected at different phases by BA-ELISA in which PI cross -reactivity is less than 0.1%. RESULTS: Fasting and post-glucose loading PI and TI levels in both CAD and non-CAD groups significantly increased when compared with the control group (P < 0.05), after adjustment for age, body mass index and waist hip ratio, all statistically significant associations weakened or disappeared among three groups; but there was no significant difference of all the above variables between CAD group and non-CAD group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: PI and TI, whether fasting or post-glucose loading, may not be independently related to CAD.
Adult↗
[Sagittal profile restoration of thoracolumbar fracture with rod rotation and in situ bending technique].
OBJECTIVE: To restore the sagittal profile at the time of regaining vertebral height during surgery of thoracolumbar fracture by rotation, screw-hook combination and in situ bending technique. METHODS: In 48 patients who have been treated since 1997, 41 were male and 7 female. Their age ranged from 17 to 54 years. Surgical procedures were (L(1) fracture for example): CD or TSRH pedicle screws inserted in T(12) and L(2), offset laminar hooks placed on T(11) and L(2), and two rods contoured according to the normal sagittal profile of the instrumental segment and inserted into the pedicle screws with the rod contouring curve in the frontal plane. Distraction force was used to regain vertebral height. The rods were rotated by 90 degrees and fixed with the set screws. The contouring curve of the rod at this time was transferred from the frontal plane to the sagittal plane where the normal sagittal profile was restored. The offset laminar hooks were compressed toward the screws. If lordosis was not satisfactory, the rods could be bent in situ. Posterolateral bone grafting was finally performed. RESULTS: No death and no neurological worsening were noted except deep infection in one patient. Average vertebral height was restored by 96%. 39 patients had complete restoration of vertebral height. Sagittal kyphotic Cobb angle was corrected from average 24 degrees before operation to average -2 degrees after operation. Follow-up (20 months on average) showed no pseudarthrosis but two screws broken in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: Rod rotation and in situ rod bending technique can satisfactorily restore the normal sagittal profile and regain vertebral height. Offset laminar hooks can effectively protect pedicle screws, and minimise mechanical failure of instrumentation.
Adolescent↗
[A comparison between latanoprost and timolol in treatment of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic value of latanoprost on glaucoma. METHODS: In an open-label fashion, multicenter, randomized control clinical trial, the efficacy and adverse drug reactions of topical application of 0.005% latanoprost once daily were compared with that of 0.5% timolol twice daily for 12 weeks in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. RESULTS: The study included 128 patients (63 patients in latanoprost group and 65 patients in timolol group) and 117 patients remained at the end of the study (60 cases in latanoprost group and 57 cases in timolol group). Comparing 12 weeks with baseline diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP), the IOP reduction (mean +/- standard deviation) in latanoprost group was (7.5 +/- 0.3) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) (32%, t = 22.73, P < 0.0001) greater than the reduction in timolol group (6.1 +/- 0.3) mm Hg (26%, t = 17.94, P < 0.0001), the difference between the two groups being significant (F = 9.54, P = 0.0026). Two patients treated with timolol and none treated with latanoprost were withdrawn from the study because of inadequate IOP control; 3 patients with latanoprost had foreign body sensation. In latanoprost group, there was one patient whose eyelashes became darker and longer at the last visit (the 12th week). No ocular and systemic adverse events related to the two drugs were found. CONCLUSION: It is demonstrated that 0.005% latanoprost topically applied once daily is well tolerated and more effective in reducing IOP than 0.5% timolol topically applied twice daily. Thus, latanoprost has the potential to be a new first-line antiglaucoma drug.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
[A case-control study on the risk factors of epidemic hemorrhagic fever].
OBJECTIVE: To study the risk factors of epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF). METHODS: A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted to analyse EHF risk factors. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-five matched pairs were investigated. Five factors were associated with risks of the disease, including rodent activity in house, farm working, travel, annual average income of an individual and ground material of the house, when chi(2) test and logistic regression model were processed respectively. The coefficients of rodent activity in house, farm working, travel, annual average income of an individual and ground material of the house in multivariable Logistic regression model were 1.377, 1.687, 1.630, -1.216 and -0.888, respectively, when P value < 0.05 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Factors as high average income of individuals, brick or cement used as material of the ground in the house, seemed to be protective factors of EHF, which were important to the control and prevention of EHF.
Adult↗
[Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated bivalent EHF vaccine in humans].
OBJECTIVE: Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated bivalent EHF vaccine in humans were evaluated in the epidemic area of Zhejiang province, China. METHODS: Susceptible persons with negative anti-EHF were selected in Jiande county, Zhejiang province to receive 3 doses of inactivated bivalent EHF vaccine at 0, 7, 28 days. A booster injection was given one year after the primary immunization. Antibody responses were measured in human volunteers by IFA and MCPENT. Local and general reactions were recorded within 72 hours after each vaccination by physicians. RESULTS: Two weeks after the primary vaccination, 99.04% of the subjects developed significant hantavirus antibody titre measured by IFA which had a 37.34% drop one year after the primary vaccination. Seroconversion rate increased to 100% two weeks after the booster dose. Neutralising antibody titres paralleled this trend with 100% of vaccine recipients producing neutralising antibody two weeks after the primary doses. However, it dropped to 80% one year after the primary vaccination. One hundred percent of the vaccine recipients started to respond two weeks after boosting. The geometric mean titre (GMT) of neutralising antibody against 76 - 118 and UR were 18.27 +/- 2.21 and 12.47 +/- 2.16 respectively after the primary injections, but it increased to 37.09 +/- 2.24 and 32.61 +/- 2.05 respectively after the secondary immunization. General and local reaction rates were 0.46% and 1.98%, with no severe side effects observed in the vaccinees. CONCLUSION: The vaccine was well tolerated and could induce good humoral immune response.
Antibodies, Viral↗
[The changes in serum antibody level after immunization with HFRS vaccine].
OBJECTIVES: To observe the changes in serum antibody level after mass immunization with vaccine against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and to evaluate its efficacy and effectiveness in the prevalent areas. METHODS: Healthy people aged 16 to 60 years in the villages were recruited as study subjects, excluding those suffered from HFRS previously, going out for more than nine months and those with contraindications, and were randomly allocated into immunization and control groups with 10,460 and 16,159 persons, respectively. Specific IgG antibody was determined with indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) and neutralizing antibody (NA) was determined with micro CPE method. RESULTS: Two weeks after the full-course immunization, sero-conversion rate for IFA reached 100% in those sero-negative before immunization, with a 95% confidence interval of 96.3 - 100.0%, and that for NA 44.4%, with a 95% CI of 22.0% - 69.0%. Geometric mean titer (GMT) were 72.1 and 4.6 for IFA and NA, respectively. Booster immunization was provided for them one year later. Positivity of IFA and NA was 28.6%, 83.3%, 75.0%, 53.1%, 22.6% and 14.8%, 55.6%, 35.0%, 31.3%, 26.0%, before booster immunization, two weeks, one year, one and a half years, two years after booster immunization, respectively. CONCLUSION: HFRS vaccine had good immunogenicity, but its duration of serum antibody sustenance was relatively short.
Adolescent↗
[Establishment of a rabbit model of non-thermal high voltage electrical injury].
OBJECTIVE: To establish a rabbit model of non-thermal high voltage electrical injury, which was accompanied by progressive tissue necrosis for the further study of electrical injury. METHODS: Seventy-five New Zealand rabbits were employed, in which 45 were used for the selection of the size of electrode plate, the inflicting time, the intervals and the injury degree. Five groups of rabbits were used for the study of the model. The study was carried out by means of clinical anatomical exploration, categorization by the Index of Deep Burn Injury (IDBI) and (99)Tc(m)-MDP isotope scanning and gamma photography. RESULTS: The optimal injury indices selected were as follows: the electric field strength was 17 000 volts/m, the mean current intensity was 554 mA, and the average current density was 137 mA/cm(2) for small electrode and 21 mA/cm(2) for big one, and average increase of tissue temperature was 1.73 degrees C during injury process. This excluded the possibility of thermal injury. Five models were created, i.e. mild, moderate, severe, extra severe and destructive ones. There was no obvious cutaneous necrosis. Nevertheless, there was loss of injured extremities on 5th, 7th and 12th post-injury days in the severe, extra severe and destructive groups. CONCLUSION: Non-thermal factor was the major cause of electric injury in the model with typical clinical features.
Animals↗
[Umbilical cord blood stem cells transplantation from an unrelated donor into an adult with severe aplastic anemia].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the availability of the treatment of adult severe aplastic anemia with unrelated allo-cord blood stem cell transplantation (CBSCT). METHODS: HLA-matched unrelated cord blood transplantation has been successfully performed for an adult severe aplastic anemia patient. A unit of cord blood provided by Guangzhou Cord Blood Bank containing 1.89 x 10(7)/kg mononucleated cells, 1.8 x 10(4)/kg CFU-GM and of CD(34) positive cells was 0.009. The patient was conditioned with CTX (60 mg/kg) and anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG, 120 mg/kg). GVHD prophylaxis consisted of both MTX and CsA. The CsA had been given for 8 months. RESULTS: The lowest ANC was 0.6 x 10(9)/L post-transplantation. The patient achieved an ANC of greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/L at 10 days, and the platelet of greater than 50.0 x 10(9)/L at day 20 after transplantation. He developed Grade 1 GVHD in the tenth month after grafting. Microsatellite DNA fingerprinting indicated a stable donor-recipient mixed chimerism, whilst the circulating red cells remained host origin. CONCLUSION: It is the first report in China on successful treatment of adult severe aplastic anemia by unrelated allo-CBSCT.
Adult↗
[Long-term expression of MHC-I gene in recipient mice].
OBJECTIVE: To explore the possibility of long-term expression of transferred MHC-I gene in recipient mice. METHODS: MHC-I gene of the donor mouse (C(57)BL/6) was transferred into the recipient (BALB/c) hematopoietic cells by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer technique, and the gene transferred cells were reinfused into the recipient mice. PCR, RT-PCR and FACS were used to assay the long-term expression of MHC-I gene in the recipient mice. RESULTS: The gene transferred mice hematopoietic cells and their G418-resistant CFU-GM were demonstrated to be able to express the MHC-I gene. The cells proliferation and differentiation had no change. The MHC-I gene could be expressed for a longer period in the recipient mice. CONCLUSION: This experiment makes ready for the further research on inducing transplantation tolerance through MHC-I gene transfer.
Animals↗
[Clinical study of three-dimensional reconstruction of computed tomography in diagnosis of condylar fractures].
OBJECTIVE: To explore a method of getting good three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction images of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by computed tomography (CT), and evaluate diagnosis value of 3DCT in condylar fractures. METHODS: Of the 14 patients studied, 12 were male and 2 were female with age ranging from 4 to 37 years old. 4 were old fractures and the other 10 were fresh fractures. All patients' orthopanotomograms were taken first, and then were scanned with CT. The scanning conditions were 300-345 mAS and 120kV, and the scanning methods included cross-sectional (11/14), coronal-sectional (2/14) and spiral (1/14) (pitch: 1, thickness of layers: 2.5 mm) scanning. Scanning scopes: The cross-sectional and spiral scanning were from 1 cm above the Frankfort horizontal plane to the middle of the mandibular ramus or Menton; The coronal-sectional scanning was from the mastoid process to the anterior point of the mandibular ramus or Pogonion. The thickness of the scanning layers was 2.5 mm (12/14) or 5 mm (2/14). Finally, 3D reconstructed images were obtained by shaded surface display (SSD). The cross-sectional images were obtained by being removed the cervical vertebra, the styloid process, the occipital bone and part of the mastoid process with Subtract Manual Irroi before reconstruction to avoid interference with the observation of TMJ and skull basis. RESULTS: 1. The best 3D CT reconstructed images were obtained by 2.5 mm-thin-layer cross-sectional scanning by being removed parts of the adjacent structures, and the bone lines were clear and smooth without adjacent bone structures shading TMJ. The quality of images taken spirally was similar to those taken cross-sectionally. While the coronal scanning neglected some important anatomic symbols which might be valuable to diagnose condylar displacement. 2. Of the 14 patients, 7 were unilateral condylar fractures and 7 were bilateral (21 sides altogether), among which 18 sides were high fractures of condyles and 3 were fractures of condylar neck. High oblique line fractures and comminuted fractures had major condylar rotation displacement which moved forward, downward and inside, whereas, vertical fractures only had minor displacement. Inward rotation displacement occurred in medial bent fractures. 10 of 14 patients (15 sides) had been conducted operation, and the same situations as seen from 3DCT reconstructed images were found. CONCLUSION: 3DCT images can display condylar fractures accurately and directly, and are very useful for surgeons to select treating methods of condylar fractures.
Adolescent↗
[Heparanase and neoplasm metastasis].
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Animals↗
[Uptake of drug-containing nanoparticles in dog catotid and femoral arteries].
OBJECTIVE: To study the uptake of drug-containing nanoparticles in artery for local therapy of restenosis. METHODS: Polylactic polyglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) nanoparticles containing an antiproliferative agent 2-amino-chromone were formulated with an oil-in-water sonication emulsion/solvent evaporation technique. Arterial uptake of nanoparticles was assessed both in vitro and in vivo models of dog and rat carotid and femoral arteries. Epoxide, cyanoacrylate, fibrinogen, fibronectin, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DMAB), L-alpha-phosphatidylethanolaine, and lipofectin were selected to modify the surface of nanoparticles to enhance arterial uptake of nanoparticles. RESULTS: The nanoparticle size ranged from 100 nm to 200 nm, the drug loading in nanoparticles was about 15%, the nanoparticle morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy and showed spherical shape with smooth surface. Arterial uptake of nanoparticles was enhanced greatly by surface modified nanoparticle with positively charged active agent DMAB. Once nanoparticles located in artery, a high drug level could be maintained at local site for 2 days in vivo model. CONCLUSION: The primary results of animal experiments suggested that nanoparticle could be used as drug carrier of local drug delivery for treating cardiovascular diseases.
Animals↗