Biomedical subjects

Z Zhong

Publications and source records attributed to Z Zhong.

130 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Factors associated with use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in seriously ill hospitalized adults.

CONTEXT: The epidemiology of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders for hospitalized patients has been reported, but little is known about factors associated with the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with an attempt at CPR for patients who experienced cardiopulmonary arrest. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of data collected in 2 prospective cohort studies: the Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments (SUPPORT, 1989-1994) and the Hospitalized Elderly Longitudinal Project (HELP, 1994). Setting Five teaching hospitals across the United States. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2505 seriously ill hospitalized patients and nonelectively admitted persons aged 80 years or older who experienced cardiopulmonary arrest. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Medical records data on CPR efforts, DNR orders, disease severity, age, race, sex, length of stay, and survival; functional status and preferences concerning CPR obtained by interviews with patients or surrogates; and 2-month survival estimates provided by physicians. RESULTS: Five hundred fourteen study subjects (21 %) received CPR during their index hospitalization. Among them, 327 (63.6%) had CPR within 2 days of death and 93 (18.1 %) had resuscitation and survived their index hospitalization. Use of CPR was more likely in men (odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.73), younger patients (OR per 10-year increase, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84-0.96), African Americans (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.33-2.34), patients whose reported preferences were for CPR (OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.91-3.55), who reported better quality of life (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.10-2.03), or who had higher physician estimates for 2-month survival (OR per 10% increase, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09-1.19). Rates varied significantly with geographic location and diagnosis; the adjusted OR for patients with congestive heart failure was 3.31 (95% CI, 2.12-5.15) compared with patients with acute respiratory failure or multiple organ system failure. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that a resuscitation attempt is more likely when preferred by patients and when death is least expected. Further study is required to understand variation in use of CPR among sites and for patients with different diagnoses, race, sex, or age.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Secretion of a soluble T cell promoting factor by the human prostate adenocarcinoma cell line DU-145.

INTRODUCTION: A variety of cancers suppress host immune defenses by secretion of soluble factors. Conditioned media (CM) from numerous cancer cell lines possess the ability to suppress proliferation of activated T cells. The effects of CM from the prostate cancer cell line DU-145 on T cell activation was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human PBMC, purified T cells and Jurkat T cells were treated with DU-145 CM. Proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, Fas expression/and cytokine secretion were assessed by thymidine incorporation, flow cytometry and ELISA. RESULTS: DU-145 CM increased proliferation of concanavalin-A (ConA) activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) increasing the percentage of cells in the S/G2 phase of cell cycle. Treatment of the Jurkat T cell line with DU-145 CM induced a potent proliferative response. ConA-induced proliferation of purified T cells from human PBMC and murine splenocytes was augmented in a dose-dependent manner by addition of DU- 145 CM. DU- 145 CM treatment of ConA-activated T cells induced an increase in interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. The soluble factor(s) responsible for promoting T cell proliferation was dependent on protein synthesis by the DU- 145 cells and possessed a molecular weight greater than 10 kDa. CONCLUSION: DU- 145 cells secrete a soluble factor(s) > 10 kDa, whose production is dependent on protein synthesis and which acts as a promoter of T cell activation.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Role of Kupffer cells in storage and metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene in the liver.

This study investigates the possible role of Kupffer cells in storage and metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene in the liver. In perfused liver, benzo(a)pyrene (4-120 microM) in 0.3% albumin increased fluorescence (366-->405 mm) on the liver surface in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that it accumulated in liver tissue. The maximal increase of benzo(a)pyrene fluorescence was diminished by 60% when Kupffer cells were destroyed by gadolinium chloride treatment (10 mg/kg iv). Gadolinium chloride also decreased the yield of isolated nonparenchymal cells by 65%. In frozen sections of livers perfused with 4 microM benzo(a)pyrene for 1 hr, fluorescence was approximately 5 times greater in cells lining the sinusoids than in parenchymal cells. Moreover, yellow-green fluorescent particles were detected in cultured Kupffer cells, but were barely visible in parenchymal and Ito cells, indicating that Kupffer cells actively accumulated benzo(a)pyrene. In contrast to the cell specificity for benzo(a)pyrene accumulation, rates of monooxygenation of benzo(a)pyrene were up to 20-fold higher in isolated parenchymal than in Kupffer cells. In nonparenchymal cells, basal rates of production of benzo(a)pyrene phenols were approximately 50 pmol/10(6) cells/hr. In contrast, rates were approximately 335 pmol/10(6) cells/hr in parenchymal cells. Further, total [3H]benzo(a)pyrene metabolism was approximately 8-fold higher in parenchymal than in nonparenchymal cells. Albumin increased production of benzo(a)pyrene phenols by 3-fold in parenchymal cells, but was without effect in nonparenchymal cells. Pretreatment of rats with gadolinium chloride increased the production of benzo(a)pyrene phenols in perfused liver by > 50%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A multivariate analysis of the relationship between work ability and S. japonicum infection in Dongting Lake region, in China.

A cross-sectional case-control study on the association between the reduced work ability and S. japonicum infection was carried out in a moderate endemic area for schistosomiasis japonica in the southern part of Dongting lake in China. A total of 120 cases with reduced work ability and 240 controls paired to the case by age, sex, occupation and without reduced work ability, participated in the study. The mean age for individuals was 37.6 years old (21-60), the ratio of male:female was 60:40, the prevalence of S. japonicum in the individuals was 28.3%. The results obtained in this study showed that the infection of S. japonicum in case and control groups was 49.2% (59/120) and 17.9% (43/240), respectively. Odds ratio for reduced work ability among those who had schistosomiasis was 4.34 (95%), confidence interval was 2.58-7.34, and among those who had S. japonicum infection (egg per gram > 100) was up to 12.67 (95%), confidence interval was 3.64-46.39. After odds ratio was adjusted by multiple logistic regression, it was confirmed that heavier intensity of S. japonicum infection and splenomegaly due to S. japonicum infection were the main risk factors for reduced work ability in the population studied.

Adult↗