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Biomedical subjects

Z Ye

Publications and source records attributed to Z Ye.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Analysis of causes of drug resistance and therapeutic effects on 27 multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients].

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the causes of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy with ofloxacin and other antituberculosis drugs. METHOD: 27 cases with MDR-TB were treated with the regimen of 3KPTHOX/PTHOX. Changes of sputum convesion, X-ray manifestations and side effects after the treatment were also evaluated. RESULTS: 67% of the MDR-TB patients were due to irregular treatment, and 18% were caused by improper treatment. The sputum culture conversion rate at end of treatment was 89%. The bacteriological relapse rate of converted cases during 2 year follow-up was 8%. CONCLUSIONS: MDR-TB might be prevented by a combination of health education and rational use of short-course chemotherapy. Ofloxacin and other second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs are effective and were tolerated in treating patients with MDR-TB.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Astrogliosis and basic fibroblast growth factor].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between reactive astrogliosis and its autocrine bFGF. METHODS: On the primary astrocyte culture with mechanical scratch, the dynamic expression of bFGF, PCNA, GFAP and GFAP-mRNA were determined by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULT: Astrocytes at the edge of the injury began to express bFGF 2 hours after scratching and reached its peak by the 12th hour, then declined after 2 days. GFAP-mRNA was detectable in astrocytes near the injury from the 6th hour and reached its peak within 24 hours. A few hypertrophic astrocytes in the injured area expressed GFAP-mRNA on the 3rd day. Enhanced GFAP expression of astrocytes was observed with hypertrophy of cytoplasma which extended wide processes into the injured area from the day of the scratch and reached its peak on the 2nd day. On the 3rd day, the previously injured area was covered with hypertrophic astrocytes. PCNA was expressed 2 hours after damage by some of the astrocytes in the vicinity of injury. CONCLUSION: Autocrine bFGF was the early response of reactive astrocytes and bFGF may act as promoter of reactive astrogliosis. Enhanced GFAP expression was the result of upregulation of GFAP-mRNA. The prominent event of reactive astrogliosis was the hypertrophy of astrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Optimization of technical parameters for processing radix Aconiti coreani].

Based on the determination of guanfu A, hypaconitine, and total alkaloids, along with the experiment of acute toxicity of sliced Radix Aconiti Coreani and in compliance with the quality standard stipulated in pharmacopeia-surface features cross section colour and odor of sliced Radix Aconiti Co-reani the technology of processing Radix Aconiti Coreani has been optimized to be steaming the drug for four hours.

Aconitine↗
PubMed1997

Reconstruction of the perineum after tumor surgery.

Major defects of the perineum are often complicated by contracture, radiation injuries, fistulas, and infection. In addition, the perineal surface is unique, and any replacement must meet the requirements of mobility, sensitivity, durability, elasticity, and weight bearing. This combination of complex defects and special surface requirements can be met by adequate extirpative procedures and reconstruction with a number of muscle, musculocutaneous, and fasciocutaneous flap options.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Ultrastructural localization of glutamate receptor subunits (NMDAR1, AMPA GluR1 and GluR2/3) and spinothalamic tract cells.

The associations of glutamate receptor subunits (NMDAR1, AMPA GluR1 and GluR2/3) and spinothalamic tract neurons in the rat lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn were investigated. Staining for NMDAR1 and AMPA GluR1 and GluR2/3 receptor subunits was observed throughout the spinothalamic tract soma and dendrites, particularly in association with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and some postsynaptic membrane sites. Immunostaining for NMDAR1 and AMPA GluR2/3 was also noted in presynaptic membrane sites. Localization of both NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptor subunits in association with spinothalamic tract neurons provides anatomical evidence in support of the various interactions reported for glutamate receptors in nociception. Presynaptic localization of the AMPA GluR2/3 receptor subunit suggests that spinothalamic tract cells may also be affected presynaptically by AMPA glutamate receptor interactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Degradation of amyloid beta-protein by a serine protease-alpha2-macroglobulin complex.

Progressive cerebral deposition of the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) is an early and constant feature of Alzheimer's disease. Abeta is derived by proteolysis from the beta-amyloid precursor protein. beta-Amyloid precursor protein processing and the generation of Abeta have been extensively characterized, but little is known about the mechanisms of degradation of this potentially neurotoxic peptide. We identified and purified a proteolytic activity in culture medium that can degrade secreted Abeta but not larger proteins in the medium. Detection of the activity in conditioned medium required the presence of fetal bovine serum and the passage of the cells with a pancreatic trypsin preparation. Its inhibitor profile showed that the activity was a serine protease other than trypsin or chymotrypsin. The protease occurs as a stable approximately 700-kDa complex with the inhibitor, alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2M), that retains activity against small substrates such as Abeta. Its NH2-terminal sequence suggests that the protease is previously unidentified. Our results indicate that the Abeta-degrading protease we have detected is a non-trypsin component of a pancreatic trypsin preparation or else derives from a zymogen in serum that is activated by a protease in the latter preparation. Because Abeta-bearing plaques in Alzheimer's disease brain contain both alpha2M and receptors of alpha2M-protease complexes, the same or a similar alpha2M-protease complex could arise in vivo and play a role in Abeta clearance.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Prostaglandin F2 alpha and its analogs induce release of endogenous prostaglandins in iris and ciliary muscles isolated from cat and other mammalian species.

Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF 2 alpha) and its analog latanoprost are effective in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in both animal and human subjects. There is mounting experimental evidence now which indicates that the IOP-lowering effect of these PGs occurs through an increased uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor. The ciliary muscle constitutes the main resistance in this pathway. Work from several laboratories, including our own, has shown that in this smooth muscle PGF 2 alpha has little effect on cAMP accumulation or on Ca2+ mobilization. In the present study, we hypothesized that some of the effects of PGF2 alpha and its analogs may be mediated through the release of endogenous PGs. The purpose of this work was to determine whether or not PGF2 alpha and its analogs can enhance the release of endogenous PGs in iris and ciliary muscles isolated from different species. This report documents for the first time that exogenous PGF2 alpha and its analogs, PhXA85 and latanoprost, stimulate the formation of PGE2, PGD2 and PGF2 alpha in iris and ciliary muscles isolated from cat, bovine, rabbit, dog, rhesus monkey and human. PG-induced PG release was demonstrated by means of both radioimmunoassay and radiochromatography. Kinetic studies on cat iris revealed that PGF2 alpha-induced PGE2 release is time (t 1/2 = 1.7 min) and dose-dependent (EC50 = 45 nM). The increase in PGE2 release was blocked by indomethacin (Indo) and by dexamethasone in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 s of 9.2 nM and 2.6 microM, respectively. Furthermore, dexamethasone inhibited arachidonic acid (AA) release, suggesting the involvement of phospholipase A2 in PGF2 alpha-induced PG release. The data presented demonstrate that PGF2 alpha and its analogs interact with the PG receptor to stimulate phospholipase A2 and release AA for PG synthesis. Relaxation of ciliary muscle by PGF2 alpha and its analogs, via release of endogenous PGE2, a potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system, could in part explain how these PGs may increase uveoscleral outflow and consequently lower IOP.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A case of lymphocutaneous nocardiosis with a review of lymphocutaneous nocardiosis reported in Japan.

An 82-year-old Japanese male developed nodules and ulcers along the lymphatics after a fall in the garden of his house resulting in injuries to the dorsum of his left hand which lasted for 3 months. Nocardia brasiliensis was isolated from a nodule, supporting a diagnosis of the lymphocutaneous type of nocardiosis. He had previously developed generalized bone metastasis from prostatic cancer, and his resulting depressed immunity might have played a part in the nocardiosis genesis. Sixteen cases of the lymphocutaneous type of nocardiosis reported in Japan were reviewed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1996

Prostaglandins mediate the stimulatory effects of endothelin-1 on cyclic adenosine monophosphate accumulation in ciliary smooth muscle isolated from bovine, cat, and other mammalian species.

PURPOSE: To examine the effects and mechanisms of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) production, and contraction in ciliary muscle (CM) isolated from bovine, cat and other mammalian species. METHODS: Ciliary muscle was incubated in the absence and presence of ET-1 for 5 minutes. Indomethacin (Indo, 2.5 microM) and IBMX (0.1 mM) were added 10 minutes before the addition of the peptide. Cyclic AMP accumulation and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release were measured by radioimmunoassay, IP3 production was measured by ion-exchange chromatography, and changes in tension were recorded isometrically. RESULTS: First, ET-1 (0.1 microM) increased PGE2 release by 58% to 105% and cAMP accumulation by 98% to 393% in CMs isolated from bovine, cat, dog and human, and these effects were blocked completely by Indo (2.5 microM). Unlike any other species, in bovine CM, ET-1 increased IP3 production (EC50 = 17 nM) and contraction (EC50 = 13 nM), and these effects were not inhibited by Indo. Second, kinetic studies revealed that in bovine and cat CMs, ET-1 stimulated cAMP accumulation and PGE2 release in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and these effects were inhibited by Indo in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and PGE2 increased cAMP accumulation in a dose-dependent manner (EC50 = 0.175 microM). The stimulatory effect of ET-1 on cAMP accumulation is mediated through the ETA receptor subtype, because in contrast to ET-1, which is an ETA receptor agonist, ET-3 and Sarafotoxin-S6c, two ETB receptor agonists, had little effect on cAMP accumulation. In addition, BQ 610, an ETA receptor subtype antagonist, inhibited ET-1-induced cAMP accumulation in a dose-dependent manner (IC50s for bovine and cat were 11 and 19.5 nM, respectively). Quinacrine, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, inhibited ET-1-induced cAMP accumulation in a dose-dependent manner (IC50s for bovine and cat were 22 and 19 microM, respectively). PGE2, but not ET-1, stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in membranes isolated from bovine and cat CMs. CONCLUSIONS: In CMs isolated from bovine, cat, dog and human, ET-1-induced cAMP accumulation is mediated through the release of PGs. ET-1 binds to the ETA receptor subtype to activate phospholipase A2 and to release arachidonic acid for PG synthesis. PGs, such as PGE2, may interact with the EP receptor to stimulate adenylyl cyclase. Although ET-1-induced PG release could function to modulate, through cAMP, the responses to muscarinic receptor stimulation, the precise role of these effects in intraocular pressure lowering and accommodation remains to be delineated.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1996

In vitro expansion and characterization of dendritic cells derived from human bone marrow CD34+ cells.

Dendritic cells (DC), as professional antigen-presenting cells, play a major role in stimulating naive T cell responses in vivo and in vitro, and may exacerbate or modulate T lymphocyte-mediated reactions, such as interactions between a hematopoietic graft and the recipient, eg GVHD and graft-versus-leukemia. Here, we describe a two-stage cell culture system for expansion of functionally active human DC from CD34+ marrow precursors. Optimal outgrowth was achieved by initially culturing CD34+ cells for 5 days in medium containing GM-CSF, MGF and TNF-alpha. Substitution of CD40L and IL-4 for TNF-alpha during a subsequent 5-day subculture increased DC content, such that by 10 days the cultures contained approximately 40% DC as determined by immunophenotype and morphology. An increase in DC purity to 84% at 10 days was achieved by immunomagnetic separation for CD1a+ cells from 5-day cultures and subculturing these cells in medium with IL-4 and CD40L. Reversing the sequence of growth factors during culture and subculture decreased the yield and purity of DC. Expression of CD80 and CD86 was enhanced by adding CD40L and IL-4, and the DC showed stimulatory activity in MLC. In conclusion, we have described a simple two-stage culture system to generate functional DC from CD34+ marrow precursors.

Antigens, CD34↗
PubMed1996

[The turn-over flap of the frontalis muscle used for eye-socket depression with contraction of the conjunctival capsule].

We were used to repair the eye-socket depression and contraction after eyeball loss with fat, dermis or rib cartilage implantation. This "stuffing method" has some disadvantages, including absorption and exposure of the implant. In recent years the authors have used a turn-over flap of the frontalis muscle to treat eye-socket depression with contraction of the conjunctival capsule. Satisfactory results have been found at postoperative follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Morphological effects of ammonia on cultured fetal rat neurons].

The effects of ammonia on cultured fetal rat neurons and the possible relation between morphologic changes of neurons and the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy were studied on dissociated fetal rat neuronal cultures, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry methods. The neurons exhibited cellular swelling, chromatolysis, vacuolization and granulation, followed by segmental enlargement and fragmentation of cellular processes, detachment of neurons with pyknotic nuclei. Electron microscopic examination displayed dilation of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, degranulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, accumulation of dense bodies together with swelling of the process with loss of neurofilaments. The expression of neurofilament and synaptophysin became weak and even negative. The data therefore suggests that ammonia may exert a toxic effect on cultured neurons, disturbing their normal function and facilitating the development of hepatic encephalopathy.

Ammonium Chloride↗
PubMed1996

[Studies on the expression of desmin and myosin in experimental astrogliosis].

The dynamic changes of desmin and myosin in rat brain at different periods after stab wound were studied by immunohistochemistry and quantitation methods. The expression of desmin in astrocytes markedly increased and reached its peak on the 7th day and maintained this high level up to 30 days. The zone of reactivity was initially limited to the wound vicinity but spread with time to the entire ipsilateral cortex. The intensity weakened gradually with the increase of distance from the lesion. Myosin was positive mainly in the margin of the wound and partly in the molecular layer of the cortex. The results indicated that the enhancement of desmin expression was closely related to the reactive astrogliosis, whereas the expression of myosin may be a marker of astrocyte hyperplasia. The significance of these responses was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Reversal of adriamycin or vincristine resistance by tetrandrine in human cancer cells in vitro].

In an in vitro culture system of human cancer cells MCF-7 and its adriamycin-resistant line MCF-7/Ad or KB and its vincristine-resistant line KBv200, tetrandrine was found to exhibit significantly selective anticancer activity against the drug-resistant cancer cell MCF-7/Ad. In addition, essentially complete reversal effects of tetrandrine on drug resistance were observed in MCF/Ad or KBv200.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1995

Genetic heterogeneity of beta-thalassemia in southeast Sicily.

In this study we have defined the spectrum of the beta-thalassemia mutations, the beta-thalassemia haplotypes, and the genotype-to-phenotype correlations in a large number of patients with different beta-thalassemia conditions. Seventeen different beta-thalassemia mutations were detected which included one chromosome each with Hb Dhonburi and Hb Lepore. Five alleles, namely, codon 39 (C-->T), IVS-I-110 (G-->A), IVS-I-6 (T-->C), IVS-II-745 (C-->G), and IVS-I-1 (G-->A), account for 90% of all beta-thalassemia mutations in 846 thalassemic chromosomes studied. Haplotyping for a large number of subjects showed that the five common mutations are linked to a few haplotypes. The presence of milder mutations, mainly IVS-I-6 (T C), in about 19% of our patients explains some of the clinical variables. Among the 37 patients with thalassemia of intermediate severity, only 6 were homozygous or compound heterozygous for two severe alleles. The type of beta-thalassemia is the main factor responsible for differences in the phenotypic expression of the disease in patients with Hb S-beta-thalassemia; patients with Hb S-beta(+)-thalassemia are less severely affected than those with Hb S-beta(0)-thalassemia. The five most frequent mutations have comparable distributions all over Sicily.

Fetal Hemoglobin↗
PubMed1995

Cervical carcinoma in situ and use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives.

The relationship of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (D-MPA) use to risk of cervical carcinoma in situ was investigated using data from a large multi-national, hospital-based case-control study. To avoid possible detection bias from Pap smear screening, final analyses were restricted to a subset of cases with symptoms at the time of their diagnosis of cervical carcinoma in situ. Relative to nonusers, the risk was elevated in women who had ever used DMPA and increased with duration of use. Decreasing trends in relative risk with times since first and last uses were observed in long-term users. Results from another portion of this same study did not show a relationship of invasive cervical cancer to DMPA use. These findings suggested that if DMPA increases the risk of cervical carcinoma in situ then either this is a reversible effect, or the cervical lesions induced by DMPA tend not to progress to invasive disease.

Adult↗