Biomedical subjects

Z Yang

Publications and source records attributed to Z Yang.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

[Pericardial devascularization with splenectomy for the treatment of portal hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To review our experiences in and evaluate the efficacy of pericardial devascularization with splenectomy for the treatment of portal hypertension. METHODS: From May 1972 to October 1999, 508 patients with portal hypertension were treated with this operation. 319 of them had posthepatitic cirrhosis, and 141 late stage schistosomiasis or accompanied chronic viral hepatitis. RESULTS: The bleeding control rate was 94.1%, and the overall operative mortality rate was 4.5%. The major causes of death were upper gastrointestinal bleeding, intraabdominal hemorrhage, hepatic failure and hepatorenal syndrome. The mean follow-up time was 3.8 years. The 5-year survival rate was 94.1%, and the 10-year survival 70.7%. The 5-year recurrent bleeding rate was 6.2%. The 10-year recurrent bleeding rate was 13.3%. The rate of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy was 2.5% at 5 years, and 4.1% at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Pericardial devascularization with splenectomy was the first choice for the treatment of portal hypertension, especially for posthepatitic cirrhosis. The following were our experience: (1) thorough porto-azygos disconnection; (2) performing the operation in according to pericardial anatomy with correct surgical techniques; (3) selection of operative candidates and opportunity; (4) emphasizing perioperative management and preventing complications.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Effects of p16 and GM-CSF combined gene therapy on immune response of tumor-bearing mice].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of p16 and GM-CSF combined gene therapy on immune response of tumor-bearing mice (Renca). METHODS: The model of renal tumor-bearing mice was constructed by subcutaneous injection of Renca cells. The tumor-bearing mice were divided into 5 groups at random three days after injection of Renca cells. Different groups of mice were given different treatments. The antitumor immune responses and the survival time of mice were tested. Histopathologic analysis of tumor tissue was done. RESULTS: Enhancement of antitumor immune responses and prolongation of survival period were observed more obviously in tumor-bearing mice after combined therapy than in those of the other four groups. CONCLUSIONS: p16 and GM-CSF combined gene therapy can enhance the antitumor immune responses of mice and inhibit the growth of pre-established renal cell carcinoma.

Adenoviridae↗

PubMed2000

[Measurement of human retinal thickness at posterior pole with retinal thickness analyzer in normal and glaucomatous eyes].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic value of retinal thickness analyzer (RTA) in glaucoma. METHODS: RTA was used to measure the retinal thickness at the posterior pole in 77 normal persons (116 eyes) at various ages and 22 cases (35 eyes) with glaucoma. The obtained images were processed by a computer to yield the retinal thickness value and the thickness map at this location, and the data were analyzed with SAS software package. RESULTS: The mean retina thickness of normal subjects was (171.83 +/- 18.50) microm with no significant difference among the various age groups (F = 2.68, P > 0.05), and very significant between the sexes; the thickest retina was at the location between macula and optic nerve head, and the macular nasal retina is 11.7% thicker than its temporal side. The upper and lower retinas of the fovea were basically symmetrical. The retinal thickness in glaucoma patients showed diffuse or local thinning, and there was a very significant difference between the normal group and the glaucomatous group in retina thickness (F = 11.98, P = 0.0001). The sensitivity rate for detecting glaucoma with RTA was up to 80.8%, and specificity to 78.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The thickness map for the retina at posterior pole across the macula in normal subjects is "horse shoe" shaped, that is well matched with the topography of retinal ganglion cell and the retinal nerve fibers in human retina. Diffuse or local thinning of retinal thickness in glaucomatous patients, which is in agreement with the corresponding visual field defect, and the sensitivity of RTA is higher than that of perimeter. The RTA examination is easy to operate, has high reproducibility, no invasion, therefore it is an ideal method to measure the human retinal thickness in vivo.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[A study on the epidemiology and preventive measure on epidemic haemorrhage fever in army barrack area in Shandong].

OBJECTIVE: In order to guide the army and civilians to carry out the prevention on epidemic haemorrhage fever (EHF), it's necessary to elucidate the epidemic feature of natural epidemic foci and the risk factors of EHF in the army - stationed areas. METHODS: Samples were tested by pathogenic and serologic means before data was collected and analyzed by case - control or family - control studies. RESULTS: Cases belong to house - mouse type (91.48%), field - mouse type (7.21%) and unclassified (1.31%) coexist in the stationed area. In the two types of noticed cases, no significant difference in distributions of sex, profession and ages. Most house - mouse type cases occurred in the peak time from March to June and field - mouse type in November to next February. The type of EHF virus antigen of mice and the type of serum were both accordant with their host types. Dwelling in border area, living rooms with mice, dogs raising, injury of mouth tissue, eating food contaminated by mice, and household with mice living around were more frequently seen in cases themselves and in families of the cases than in controls of both groups (P < 0.05). The mice intensity could be under control to 1.0%, if comprehensive measure on mice control can be implemented. CONCLUSIONS: The stationed area is an epidemic area mixed with both house - mouse and field - mouse types, with majority of house - mouse type. It was house - mouse type virus infection that caused the epidemic area expanded and the number of cases increased radically these years. EHF was epidemic in spring and summer season in the stationed area mainly because the infections were among family members. Food contaminated by mice or close contact with mice played an important role. Mice eradication and prevention were the leading measures to prevent EHF, from our more than ten years of experiences.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[The susceptible alleles on HLA-DRB 1 of type I diabetes in children in Harbin].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate association between type I diabetes in children and HLA-DRB1 alleles in Harbin. METHODS: Case-control method was employed, and the PCR-SSP technique was used to identify HLA-DRB1 alleles. RESULTS: The frequencies of DRB1 * 0301 and DR3/4 heterozygosity were significantly higher but the frequency of DR2 was significantly lower in cases than that in controls. In DR4 subtypes, the frequency of DRB1 * 0405 was higher and the frequency of DRB1 * 0406 was lower in cases than that in the controls. The difference between cases and controls in DRB1 * 0901 was not significant. CONCLUSION: DRB1 * 0301 allele and DR3/4 heterozygosity were the important susceptibility and heterozygosity genes while DR2 was the most important protective gene in Harbin. The DR4 possessed double-tendency. DRB1 * 0405 conferred susceptibility and DRB1 * 0406 conferred little protection. The susceptibility conferred by DRB1 * 0901 was not certain in type I diabetes in childhood in China. This study provided useful genetic data on the study of etiology of type I diabetes mellitus.

Alleles↗

PubMed2000

[Investigation on natural foci of autumn-winter type tsutsugamushi disease in Shandong province].

OBJECTIVE: In order to provide basic data of tsutsugamushi disease in Shandong province, for the control and prevention of this disease in residents and army-men. METHODS: Aetiological, serological and epidemiological methods were used to investigate the natural foci of autumn-winter type tsutsugamushi disease. RESULTS: The peak of tsutsugamushi disease epidemic in Shandong province was in October with cases in this month accounted for 80% of all in a year, that showed autumn-winter type. The main reservoir hosts were Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus and Cricetulus triton, accounted for 82.87%, 85.47% and 13.04% respectively. It was confirmed that natural infection existed among Leptotrombidium (L.) scutellare, L. palpalis, L. linhuaikonense and Walchia pacifica. The main vector of transmission was Leptotrombidium scutellare. 41 strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi were isolated from the blood samples of patients, rodents and chigger mites but with weak toxicity. 90% of the serotypes of the strains belonged to Gilliam type. The distribution of the cases had a sporadic nature. More than 80% of the cases were young or middle aged peasants. Clinical symptoms were mild, with some differences in different areas. CONCLUSION: The natural foci type of tsutsugamushi disease in Shandong could be divided into plain and hilly types.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[A cross-sectional study on injuries in the residents of Shijiazhuang city].

OBJECTIVE: To comprehend current status of injury in the residents of Shijiazhuang city and to lay a foundation for prevention from injury. METHODS: A retrospective study on injury in the 21,544 residents of two and six rural villages was conducted by multi-stage stratified sampling. RESULTS: Standardized incidence rate of injury was 4.21% in Shijiazhuang city, higher in the rural than in the urban areas and higher in men than in women. The top three causes of injuries were traffic accidents, falls and poisoning. Traffic accidents and poisoning ranked the first place in the urban areas and in the rural areas, respectively. Falls occurred mostly in those aged less than 14 years and more than 60 years. Gas poisoning and traffic accidents occurred more often in those aged 15 - 34 years and traffic accidents ranked the first in the age group of 35 - 59 years old. Standardized mortality rate of injury was 48.78 per 100,000, higher in the rural than in the urban areas. Standardized mortality rate of suicide was the highest with 23.21 per 100,000 in the countryside and that of traffic accidents ranked the next. In average, 22 years of potential life lost, 17 work years of potential life lost and nine valued years of potential life lost for each death were caused by injury. Disability rate caused by injury was 1.1 percent. Direct economic loss for each case with injury cost 679.98 RMB yuan. Incidence rate for traffic accidents ranked the highest and the most severe in all injuries. CONCLUSION: Injury has become an important public health problem harmful to the people's health.

Accidental Falls↗

PubMed2000

[Effects of thrombin peptides on wound healing and proliferation and migration of normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK)].

OBJECTIVE: To define the effects of thrombin peptides on wound healing and NHEK proliferation and migration. METHODS: A wound model was made with four 1.5 cm circular full thickness dermal excisions on the back of each Sprague-Dawley rat. 0.1 microgram (40 microliter) TP508 was applied to each circular excisional wound in 9 rats, the other 9 received saline only. Wound area was calculated with JAVA Jandel and IMAGE PRO software. NHEK945 proliferation was assessed by MTT assay and direct cell count with a Coulter Counter. Cell migration was determined by 48-well Boyden Chamber. Cells migrated onto the lower surface of the filter were assessed by a Chemi Imager 4000 Image Analyzer and expressed as spot density. RESULTS: Wound area in rats treated with TP508 was 73.7% and 45.4% of saline control on day 7 and 14, respectively. NHEK945 proliferation was accelerated after adding thrombin and TP508. The spot density of migrated cells was 76.7 plus minus 13.8 in medium alone. After adding 1 microgram/ml of thrombin and 10 microgram/ml of TP508, the spot density was 104.4 plus minus 12.2 and 109.4 plus minus 14.6, respectively. CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that both thrombin and TP508 have significant actions on wound healing and NHEK proliferation and migration, which is important in wound repair.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[Treatment of severe inhalation injury with endotracheal infusion of exogenous pulmonary surfactant].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possibility and the effects of clinical application of exogenous pulmonary surfactant (PS). METHODS: Two burned patients with severe inhalation injury were treated with 5% emulsified porcine PS by endotracheal infusion of 10 ml every 2 hours with the assistance of mechanical ventilation. The indices of patients' oxygenation and related pulmonary dynamics were observed. RESULTS: Twenty-four hours after the application of exogenous PS, PaO(2) and PaO(2)/FiO(2) increased evidently, but (A -- a) DO(2) and RI decreased obviously and PaCO(2) sustained for the observing period. The index related pulmonary dynamics, DeltaV/DeltaP increased gradually. CONCLUSION: With the assistance of mechanical ventilation, endotracheal infusion of exogenous PS could improve oxygenation and compliance of patients with severe inhalation injury. And the patients exhibited very good tolerance to exogenous PS.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[The inhibitory effects of chloroquine and dexamethasone on the formation of pulmonary edema in the early stage of smoke inhalation injury in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the inhibitory effects of chloroquine and dexamethasone on the formation of pulmonary edema in the early stage of smoke inhalation injury in rats. METHODS: Wistar rats were used and randomly divided into 10 groups, i.e. normal control, 1 PBH (postburn hour), 3 PBH, 6 PBH, 12 PBH and 24 PBH groups of smoke inhalation injury, 6 PBH and 12 PBH groups with dexamethasone treatment, and 6 PBH and 12 PBH groups with chloroquine treatment. The lung water content (LWC), pulmonary vascular permeability (PVP) and hemorrhagic amount (PHA) were measured. RESULTS: The LWC and PVP (measured by the pulmonary exudation amount of (131)I -- labelled albumin) increased obviously, peaked at 6 PBH and lasted to 24 PBH (P < 0.01) in rats injured by smoke inhalation. In groups treated with chloroquine or dexamethasone, the LWC and PVP were significantly lower at 6 PBH (P < 0.05). Similarly, the PHA in injured group exhibited remarkable, especially at 1 PBH and up to 24 PBH when the value was still higher than that in normal control group (P < 0.01). In groups treated with chloroquine or dexamethasone, PHA abated evidently at 6 PBH (P < 0.01). But there were no significant difference of the indices among groups at 12 PBH. CONCLUSION: Both chloroquine and dexamethasone be effective in preventing and treating pulmonary edema in rats in the early stage of smoke inhalation injury.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[The effects of massive escharectomy on the resuscitation of burn shock in the early stage after burn].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of massive escharectomy on the resuscitation of burn shock in the early stage after severe burn. METHODS: Mongrel dog inflicted with 40% TBSA III degree scalding were employed as the model. The dogs were randomly divided into two groups ------ escharectomy (E) and non -- escharectomy (C) groups. All the dogs received balanced salt solution according to Parkland formula from 1 postburn hour (PBH). The dogs in E group underwent escharectomy en masse at 3 PBH with immediate grafting of fresh alloskin. The dynamic indices of hemodynamics, blood rheology, oxygen supply, oxygen consumption and blood lactic acid content were monitored. RESULTS: Severe shock occurred in all the dogs 30 min after burn. The were evident decreased cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI) and left ventricular work index (LVWI) in all the dogs. But the viscosity of whole blood and plasma, the erythrocytic agglutination index and plasma lactic acid content increased significantly. The dogs in E group were operated with massive escharectomy at 3 PBH. In this group, CO, CI, blood rheologic indices and plasma lactic acid content were obviously improved when compared with those in the preoperational period and to those in the C group. CONCLUSION: Simple fluid resuscitation couldn't correct burn shock quickly. Massive escharectomy during shock stage was safe, feasible and effective in the correction of burn shock.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[The effects of NAC on the expression and activity of SPA in rats inflicted by smoke inhalation injury].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) on the expression and activity of SPA (surfactant-associated protein A) in rats inflicted by smoke inhalation injury. METHODS: Wistar rats inflicted with smoke inhalation injury were employed as the model. The expression of SPA mRNA, the static pulmonary compliance, the surface tension of the alveolar lavage and the morphology of lamellae bodies (LB) of type II alveolar cells were examined. RESULTS: After the application of NAC, there exhibited an increase in SPA mRNA expression and static pulmonary compliance, and the restoration of the BAL surface tension to normal. CONCLUSION: The application of NAC could promote the expression of SPA mRNA after smoke inhalation injury and improve the SPA-related function.

Acetylcysteine↗

PubMed2000

[The protective effects on postburn renal function by early enteral feeding in burned rats].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of enteral feeding on postburn renal function in rats and its possible mechanism. METHODS: Wistar rats inflicted with 30% TBSA skin burn were adopted as the model. The effects of early enteral feeding (EEF) were dynamically observed on the changes of intra-gastric mucosal pH (pHi), portal endotoxin level, renal water content, plasma level of tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNFalpha), serum BUN and Cr contents and endogenous creatinine clearance rate. RESULTS: Compared with that in simple burn group, the pHi decrease could be inhibited by EEF, the portal endotoxin level, plasma TNFalpha level and renal water content were decreased by the action of EEF. Serum BUN, Cr contents were not affected by EEF. But the CCr increased by 4.67 times [from (16.43 +/- 2.9) to (3.52 +/- 0.79), P < 0.01] with EEF. CONCLUSION: EEF could obviously improve postburn renal function in severely burned rats, which might be related to the decrease of enteral endotoxin translocation and the postburn release of inflammatory mediators.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[The effects of rapid fluid replacement on the hemodynamics of scalded shock dogs with delayed resuscitation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of rapid fluid replacement on the hemodynamics of scalded shock dogs with delayed resuscitation and to explore the protocol for the correction of postburn shock in case of delayed resuscitation. METHODS: Mongrel dogs inflicted with 40% TBSA III degree scalding were employed in the study. Twenty -- four dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups, i.e. thermal injury control group (C), delayed even fluid infusion group (E) and delayed rapid fluid infusion group (R). The femoral arterial pressure (FAP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were monitored before and 2, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after injury. RESULTS: (1)All The dogs in C group died within 36 postburn hours (PBHs), while those in E and R groups survived more than 48 PBHs. (2) FAP and CO in all the dogs decreased obviously postburn while SVR increased evidently. After fluid infusion, FAP and CO bounced back while SVR decreased, especially in R group. (3) PAP, PAWP, CVP and PVR recovered rapidly but within normal range in R group. CONCLUSION: Rapid fluid resuscitation was beneficial and feasible for the correction of burn shock due to delayed resuscitation.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[The postburn "shock heart"].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathogenesis of postburn "shock heart". METHODS: A combined serial studies in both animal experiments and prospective clinical investigation were carried out with the determination of indices reflecting myocardial injury, such as cardiac function, myocardial injury parameters, cytoplasmic and cytoskeletal structure injury, myocardial biomechanics and pathomorphological changes. The pathogenesis was also explored by the evaluation of myocardial nutritional blood flow (NBF), cardiac myocytic oxygen consumption, energy metabolism and cytokines released from cardiac myocytes. RESULTS: Cardiac function, myocardial biomechanics, NBF, the oxygen consumption, energy metabolism and the viscoelastic properties of cardiac myocytes decreased significantly postburn, and myocyte cytoplasm and cytoskeleton were damaged after burn. Furthermore, focal dissolution and fragmentation of myocardiac fibers were observed. In the meantime the plasma levels of CM -- LC, TnT and myocardial tissue cytokines increased markedly. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that organic damage of cardiac myocytes occurred during postburn shock stage. The principle pathogenesis might be related to ischemic -- reperfusion injury, inability of oxygen utility and energy metabolism in cardiac myocytes, as well as myocardial edema and uncontrolled inflammatory response.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[The effects of escharectomy en masse during shock stage on the secretion of cytokines from macrophage in scalded rats].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of the plasma from rats undergoing escharectomy en masse during shock stage on the secretion of TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL-8 by macrophage. METHODS: Rats inflicted by 30% III degree scald were employed as the model. Sixty-three rats were randomly divided into escharectomy (E) and scald (C) groups. The plasma contents of TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL-8 in rats in two groups were determined. The plasma from rats in two groups was respectively co-cultured with rat peritoneal macrophages for 6 hours and the TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL-8 in the supernatants of the culture were assayed. RESULTS: Plasma contents of TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL-8 were evidently increased in both E and C groups. But the contents of these cytokines in E group decrease and were much lower than those in C group at 12 postburn hour. The sera from two groups of rats could all stimulate the secretion of TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL -- 8 from peritoneal macrophages, but the serum from C group possessed stronger stimulating ability than that from E group. CONCLUSION: Escharectomy en masse during shock stage could weaken the ability of burn sera to induce the secretion of TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL-8 by macrophages. It was therefore beneficial to the prevention of postburn development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[The study of beta-fibrinogen gene - 455 G/A, - 148 C/T, 448 G/A polymorphisms and their association with plasma fibrinogen levels].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of beta-fibrinogen (beta-Fg) gene - 455 G/A, - 148 C/T, 448 G/A polymorphisms and their association with plasma fibrinogen levels in Han nationality in Guangdong Chinese. METHODS: The beta-Fg gene - 455 G/A, - 148 C/T, 448 G/A polymorphisms of 156 individuals were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Plasma fibrinogen levels were determined by turbidimetry. RESULTS: The frequencies of A(- 455), T(- 148) and A(448) allele were 0.276, 0.285 and 0.272, respectively. There were strong linkages of G(- 455), C(- 148) and G(448), and of A(- 455), T(- 148) and A(448), the correspondence was more than 97%. The plasma fibrinogen levels in the presence and absence of A(- 455) allele were (3.13 +/- 0.74) g/L and (2.89 +/- 0.57) g/L (P < 0.05); of T(- 148) allele were (3.12 +/- 0.73) g/L and (2.89 +/- 0.58) g/L (P < 0.05); and of A(448) were (3.13 +/- 0.74) g/L and (2.89 +/- 0.57) g/L (P < 0.05), respectively. The plasma fibrinogen levels of the three polymorphisms with the mutant gene are significantly higher than that in the wild type. CONCLUSION: The three polymorphisms loci are strong linkage disequilibrium. It suggests that beta-Fg gene - 455 G/A, - 148 C/T, 448 G/A polymorphisms are associated with plasma fibrinogen levels.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[The preliminary study on the gene mutations of sixty patients with G6PD deficiency in Yunnan province].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the types and distribution of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene mutations in Yunnan province. METHODS: By using the natural primers or mis-matched primers mediated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by endonuclease digestion methods, six types of G6PD gene mutations, G1388A, G1376T, C1024T, G392T, C592T and A95G were in sixty patients with G6PD deficiency. RESULT: Six types of mutation were revealed: 28.3% (17 of 60) were G1388A, 11.7% (7 of 60) G1376T, 6.7% (4 of 60) C1024T, 1.7% (1 of 60) G392T, 1.7% (1 of 60) C592T, 1.7% (1 of 60) A95G and 48.3% (29 of 60) unidentified. C592T mutation is the first report in Yunnan people. CONCLUSIONS: The G6PD gene in Yunnan people is heterogeneous. Research of G6PD gene mutation types may provide some useful data for clinical diagnosis and prevention of G6PD deficiency, and for human genetic study.

Amino Acid Substitution↗