[Progresses in the study of differential display analysis of gene expression].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
Z Xia
Publications and source records attributed to Z Xia.
Expression of type-I collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-9 mRNA in bone of castrated adult female rats: effects of estrogen.
OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the molecular changes of bone collagen during the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis and to investigate the molecular effects of estrogen replacement. METHODS: An adult ovariotomy rat model was used. Type-I collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expressions in bone tissues of rats treated by sham surgery (SH), bilateral ovariotomy (OVX) and OVX with estradiol (OVX-E2) were analysed at mRNA level by using dot blot technique. The distribution of mRNA of these two genes in bone tissues was studied by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: The expression levels of both type-I collagen and MMP-9 in bone tissues of OVX rats were higher than those of SH group, while treated with estradiol, the expression of both genes declined to some degree. In situ hybridization showed that type-I collagen mRNA located in osteoblasts, whereas MMP-9 was mainly expressed in osteoclasts, some lining cells on bone surface, and some mononuclear cells in bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of high bone turnover in osteoporotic bone tissues induced by estrogen replacement may result from alterations in gene expression related to bone formation and bone resorption. These alterations are consistent with the changes observed previously by histomorphometry and biochemical markers of bone metabolism on OVX animals and postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Animals↗
[Relationship between endothelin-1 and ischemic brain damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage and protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in development of ischemic brain damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE). METHODS: Wistar rat noncraniotomy models of SAH were divided into SAH group and GBE treated group, the diameter of basilar artery (BA) and dynamic changes of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and ET-1 content of intracranial plasma within 24 hours after SAH of both groups were determined. And pathological examination of CA1 region of hippocampus was performed 3 days later. RESULTS: rCBF decreased and ET-1 content increased obviously and retained in 24 hours after SAH. Spasm of BA occurred half an hour after SAH and neurons of hippocampus CA1 region was damaged severely. GBE could antagonize the above-mentioned pathological changes effectively. CONCLUSION: Increase of ET-1 is an important factor leading to ischemic brain damage after SAH. GBE exerts its protective effect by antagonizing pathological increase of ET-1.
Animals↗
[Studies on the fermentation technology of microbiological preparation No.633].
This paper reports the fermentation techmology of bacterial feed No.633. A new fermentational technic, which was composed of fermentation medium, optimum pH, temperature, airate flow, pot pressure and fermentation time, was established.
Culture Media↗
Secular changes in radical prostatectomy utilization rates in Olmsted County, Minnesota 1980 to 1995.
PURPOSE: We estimated the changes in utilization of radical prostatectomy for treatment of prostate cancer and describe the clinical characteristics of men undergoing radical prostatectomy in a population based setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Rochester Epidemiology Project was used to identify all Olmsted County residents who underwent radical prostatectomy from 1980 to 1995. The community medical records of these men were reviewed to determine the clinical and pathological stage and grade at biopsy and following surgery. RESULTS: From 1980 to 1995, 311 radical prostatectomies were performed on Olmsted County men. From 1980 to 1987 prostatectomy rates ranged from 6.3 to 31.0/100,000 men but rates increased dramatically to 53.6/100,000 in 1988 and 106.2/100,000 in 1992. The rate after 1992 decreased to 53.0/100,000 and then increased slightly to 80.4/100,000. There was a shift to younger age in more recent times (mean patient age 65.4 years in 1980 to 1986 and 62.4 in 1993 to 1995, p = 0.02), a nonsignificant (p = 0.10) trend toward lower pathological stage in recent years (42% stage pT2 in 1980 to 1986 versus 55% in 1993 to 1995) and a significant decrease in the proportion of cases of disease up staged following surgery (53% in 1980 to 1986 versus 37% in 1993 to 1995, p = 0.03). There was no significant trend in pathological grade with time (63% Mayo grade I or II in 1980 to 1986 versus 52% in 1993 to 1995, p = 0.30). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate an increase in radical prostatectomy rates that coincided with increases in prostate cancer incidence. There was a decrease in population prostatectomy rates in 1993 which was followed by modest increases to levels lower than the peak in 1992. However, the clinical characteristics of patients during this period did not change dramatically, suggesting that in a population based setting the selection factors for patients undergoing surgical treatment may not have changed.
Adult↗
The impact of requiring patient authorization for use of data in medical records research.
BACKGROUND: In 1996, the Minnesota legislature passed a medical data privacy act requiring patient authorization for the use of medical records in research. Other state legislatures and Congress are considering similar legislation. The impact of this statute on a researcher's ability to obtain complete and representative data is unknown. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of all patients visiting the outpatient clinic, emergency department, or hospital of the Olmsted Medical Center (OMC), for an appointment or admission during January 1997 or February 1997. Patients were asked to give consent for the use of their medical records for research. Our objective was to gather information on the number and characteristics of patients who refused authorization. RESULTS: Of the 15,997 patients: 90.6% granted authorization; 3.6 refused authorization; 4.5% were undecided; and 1.3% were not asked for authorization. Refusal rates were highest among patients visiting the center for mental health concerns, trauma, or eye care, and among women aged 39 years or older. Undecided rates were highest in women presenting for pregnancy care. CONCLUSIONS: Refusal rates were low for this community practice. However, higher refusal rates in some subgroups, such as older women or patients with mental health concerns, may increase the chance of selection bias in studies involving these patients.
Adolescent↗
A cytoplasmic inhibitor of the JNK signal transduction pathway.
The c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) is a member of the stress-activated group of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases that are implicated in the control of cell growth. A murine cytoplasmic protein that binds specifically to JNK [the JNK interacting protein-1 (JIP-1)] was characterized and cloned. JIP-1 caused cytoplasmic retention of JNK and inhibition of JNK-regulated gene expression. In addition, JIP-1 suppressed the effects of the JNK signaling pathway on cellular proliferation, including transformation by the Bcr-Abl oncogene. This analysis identifies JIP-1 as a specific inhibitor of the JNK signal transduction pathway and establishes protein targeting as a mechanism that regulates signaling by stress-activated MAP kinases.
Activating Transcription Factor 2↗
Tricyclic antidepressant-induced lipidosis in human peripheral monocytes in vitro, as well as in a monocyte-derived cell line, as monitored by spectrofluorimetry and flow cytometry after staining with Nile red.
Human mono- and lymphocytes from peripheral blood and the monoblastoid cell line U-937 were used in this in vitro study of drug-induced lipidosis. Mono- and lymphocytes were exposed for 4 days to three different tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), imipramine (25 microM), clomipramine (10 microM) and citalopram (80 microM). The lipophilic fluorophore Nile red, which stains intracellular lipid structures selectively, was used as a lipid probe. Fluorescence microscopy, spectrofluorimetry and flow cytometry were used to detect cellular lipidosis, as verified by electron microscopy. Our results demonstrate that imipramine, clomipramine and citalopram induce lipidosis in monocytes and U-937 cells, but not in lymphocytes. An accurate quantitation of induced intracellular lipidosis can be achieved by spectrofluorimetric and flow cytometric analysis.
Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
Glucocorticoids inhibit the cytokine-induced proliferation of mast cells, the high affinity IgE receptor-mediated expression of TNF-alpha, and the IL-10-induced expression of chymases.
Mast cells are a heterogeneous family of immune cells that, when activated through their high affinity IgE receptors (Fc epsilonRI), release various granule mediators (e.g., neutral proteases and serglycin proteoglycans) and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6 and TNF-alpha). We and others have shown that the growth and differentiation of immature, nontransformed mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMC) can be regulated in vitro by IL-3, IL-10, and c-kit ligand. We now report that glucocorticoids inhibit the c-kit ligand- and IL-3-induced proliferation of mBMMC, the Fc epsilonRI-mediated expression of TNF-alpha, and the IL-10-mediated expression of the two chymases designated mouse mast cell protease (mMCP)-1 and mMCP-2. In contrast, glucocorticoids induce mBMMC to increase their expression of serglycin proteoglycan and carboxypeptidase A. As assessed by nuclear run-on and RNA blot analyses, dexamethasone inhibited the IL-10-mediated expression of mMCP-1 and mMCP-2, primarily by inducing rapid degradation of their transcripts. The stimulative effect on serglycin proteoglycan expression and the inhibitory effect on chymase expression were dose and time dependent and glucocorticoid specific. These findings indicate that glucocorticoids exert profound and diverse effects on the growth, cytokine expression, and granule differentiation of mouse mast cells, and that at least some of this regulation occurs through a post-transcriptional mechanism.
Animals↗
The risk of ectopic pregnancy after tubal sterilization. U.S. Collaborative Review of Sterilization Working Group.
BACKGROUND: Tubal sterilization is an increasingly common method of contraception in the United States. Although pregnancy after sterilization is uncommon, it can occur and may be ectopic. We used data from the U.S. Collaborative Review of Sterilization to estimate the risk of ectopic pregnancy in women who had undergone the common types of tubal sterilization. METHODS: A total of 10,685 women undergoing tubal sterilization were followed in a multicenter, prospective cohort study. We intended to follow all the women for 5 years by means of annual telephone interviews; for women enrolled early in the study, we attempted an additional follow-up telephone interview 8 to 14 years after sterilization. To assess the risk of ectopic pregnancy in these women, we used cumulative life-table probabilities and proportional-hazards analysis. RESULTS: There were 47 ectopic pregnancies in the 10,685 women; the 10-year cumulative probability of ectopic pregnancy for all methods of tubal sterilization combined was 7.3 per 1000 procedures. The cumulative probability varied substantially according to the method of sterilization and the woman's age at the time of sterilization. Women sterilized by bipolar tubal coagulation before the age of 30 years had a probability of ectopic pregnancy that was 27 times as high as that among women of similar age who underwent postpartum partial salpingectomy (31.9 vs. 1.2 ectopic pregnancies per 1000 procedures). The annual rate of ectopic pregnancy for all methods combined in the 4th through 10th years after sterilization was no lower than that in the first 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: A history of tubal sterilization does not rule out the possibility of ectopic pregnancy, even many years after the procedure.
Adolescent↗
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 mRNA in osteoporotic bone tissues.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a sort of important enzymes involved in extracellular matrix metabolism, play critical roles in the process of tissues remodeling, wound healing and metastasis of tumors. Dot blot and in situ hybridization were used in this study to detect the expression and localization of MMP-9, an important proteolytic enzyme implicated in bone resorption in bone tissues. The results showed that the level of MMP-9 mRNA expression in osteoporotic bone tissues was significantly higher than that in normal control group and the cell types that expressed MMP-9 mRNA included mono- and multi-nuclear osteoclasts and some lining cells on the surface of bone matrix. It was suggested that MMP-9 play a key role in the development of bone loss in osteoporosis.
Animals↗
Effect of intra-arachnoid space perfusion on thromboxane A and prostacycline in experimental spinal cord injury.
In order to understand the relation between TXA2-PGI2 and secondary trauma and the effect of intra-arachnoid perfusion of dexamethasone and verapamil on alteration of TXA2-PGI2 following spinal cord injury, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF alpha concentration and pathological changes in injured site 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after injury were studied using a rabbit spinal cord injury model by Allen's weight drop method.
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
A model of subarachnoid cavity drugs perfusion and its clinical application in treatment of spinal cord injury.
An animal model of subarachnoid cavity drugs perfusion and its prelimilary clinical application in treatment of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) were reported. Analysis of the heart rate (HR), ECG blood pressure (CVP, CAP) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressuer and CSF gas and pH values of 10 healthy adult goats during subarachnoid daxamethasone verapamil perfusion showed that this model was safe anti reliable. 26 patients with acute SCI were selected for a clinical obseration. Good results were obtained in 7 cases who received this treatment of subarachnoid cavity perfusion with dexamethasone and verapamil.
Adolescent↗
Tissue response and the cytoconduction ability to collagen/hydroxyapatite heterotopic implantation.
A histological and ultrastructural observation of CHA implanted intramuscularly and subcutaneously had been reported. Our results showed that a mild inflammation developed at the early stage and disappeared 2 weeks after implantation. The infiltrating cells were mainly monocyte-macrophages, a number of fibroblasts followed macrophages closely. It was possible that as CHA degrades, monocyte-macrophages continuously released inflammatory factors, thus enhancing fibroblast proliferation activity and tissue regeneration. In addition, the heterotopic calcification of collagen matrix was observed, suggesting that CHA promoted calcification deposition.
Animals↗
Pelvic inflammatory disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection.
OBJECTIVE: To identify the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the clinical course of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). METHODS: Women hospitalized with PID at an urban hospital serving a population at high risk for HIV were studied cross-sectionally. Data abstracted from medical records of 349 women, admitted between July 1992 and April 1994 were linked anonymously to HIV serology. Main outcome measures were length of hospital stay, prolonged fever, tubo-ovarian abscess, surgery, and change in antibiotics. RESULTS: Among the 349 women with PID, 27 were HIV-positive. These HIV-positive women had lower mean white blood cell counts at admission (7411 versus 11,266, P < .01), lower mean lymphocyte counts (1411 versus 1928, P < .01), greater febrile morbidity (54 versus 28.3%, P < .01), and longer hospital stays (10.5 versus 6.4 days, P < .01) than HIV-negative women. Women who were HIV-positive required more time for defervescence and needed to change their antibiotic regimen more frequently (41 versus 12.7%, P < .01); differences in tubo-ovarian abscesses (19 versus 14%, P = .52) or surgery (15 versus 6.2%, P = .10) were not significant. The differences in hospital course between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women were modest, and they were resolved largely by the fourth or fifth hospital day. All HIV-positive women were treated successfully with first- or second-line antibiotic regimens. CONCLUSION: Despite more severe initial presentation and a prolonged hospital course, HIV-positive women with PID, but without other acute illnesses, were treated successfully with standard therapeutic regimens. These observations support current recommendations for hospitalization of HIV-positive women with PID and treatment according to current standards.
Adult↗
Modified Evans blue fluorimetry for determination of pulmonary vascular permeability in rats sustaining burns, and delayed fluid resuscitation of burn shock.
The present experiment used modified Evans blue fluorimetry to determine changes in pulmonary vascular permeability using a delayed resuscitation model of burn shock in rats. The results showed that pulmonary vascular permeability in the immediate resuscitation (IR) group regressed to normal 12-24 h following the burn whereas it regressed slowly in the delayed resuscitation (DR) group. The study showed that Evans blue fluorimetry is a reliable and sensitive method for determining pulmonary vascular permeability, and dimethyl formamide is a preferable extracting solution which provides a quick and convenient means for scientific research.
Animals↗
Calmodulin-regulated adenylyl cyclases and neuromodulation.
Coincidence detection and crosstalk between signal transduction systems play very important regulatory roles in the nervous system, particularly in the regulation of transcription. Coupling of the Ca2+ and cAMP regulatory systems by calmodulin-regulated adenylyl cyclases is hypothesized to be important for some forms of synaptic plasticity, neuroendocrine function, and olfactory detection. Recent studies of a mutant mouse deficient in type I calmodulin-sensitive adenylyl cyclase have provided the first evidence that adenylyl cyclases are important for synaptic plasticity, as well as for learning and memory in vertebrates.
Adenylyl Cyclases↗
Acupuncture at agger nasi for treatment of allergic rhinitis.
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Acupuncture Therapy↗