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Biomedical subjects

Z Weizman

Publications and source records attributed to Z Weizman.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Pancreatic function testing in cystic fibrosis.

None of the currently available clinical techniques for measuring pancreatic function in patients with CF can be considered "ideal". The "direct" pancreatic stimulation test provides the most information and remains the only truly accurate test of exocrine function, particularly in those individuals with pancreatic sufficiency. The invasive, complex nature of the pancreatic stimulation tests precludes its use as a routine method of assessing pancreatic function in all patients and limits its value for monitoring function in those individuals who are expected to deteriorate with time. Many of the indirect tests of pancreatic function are of value for identifying CF patients with complete pancreatic insufficiency who may require therapy with pancreatic enzyme supplements and fat soluble vitamins. However, none of the currently available "indirect" tests of exocrine function are sensitive enough to evaluate or monitor CF patients with pancreatic sufficiency. Blood tests, capable of measuring pancreatic enzymes in the circulation, such as immunoreactive trypsinogen, may be of value for monitoring pancreatic function in patients with CF, but further longitudinal studies are necessary to fully evaluate this approach. More sophisticated "indirect" tests of exocrine pancreatic function are vitally needed to facilitate adequate assessment of this important digestive organ in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1984

Congenital hepatic fibrosis--unusual presentations.

Two children with congenital hepatic fibrosis presented atypically: one with prolonged fever and hepatomegaly associated with a giant intrahepatic biliary cyst and a second with ascites at an early age despite normal serum albumin concentrations.

Ascites↗
PubMed1984

Radiologic manifestations of malabsorption: a nonspecific finding.

Children demonstrating a radiologic malabsorption pattern on small bowel follow-through study performed for other reasons are frequently subjected to intensive gastrointestinal investigations, even in the absence of clinical manifestations of malabsorption. To determine the usefulness of this radiologic finding, the clinical findings of all patients with the typical malabsorption pattern on small bowel follow-through examination were reviewed retrospectively. The presence of a malabsorption pattern was based on three radiologic criteria: flocculation and segmentation of barium, thickening of mucosal folds, and dilation of intestinal loops. Thirteen patients fulfilled the criteria for radiologic malabsorption pattern, but six (46%) had no clinical evidence of malabsorption, according to 3- to 5-day fecal fat analysis. In addition, five of these patients had normal mucosal histologic findings on duodenal biopsy. It was concluded that radiologic malabsorption pattern is a nonspecific finding, and in the absence of other clinical features suggestive of malabsorption or growth failure further investigations may not be justified.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1983

Giardiasis in childhood: poor clinical and histological correlations.

Ten pediatric patients investigated for chronic diarrhea, chronic weight loss, or failure to thrive were found on intestinal biopsy and/or in a duodenal aspirate to have Giardia lamblia. Serum immunoglobulin levels were normal or elevated in all patients. Three children had increased excretion of fecal fat and three other children had low D-xylose absorption. Jejunal biopsy specimens showed two severe, three moderate, and two mild morphological abnormalities, and three were normal. Except for lactase deficiency, disaccharidase activities correlated poorly with the severity of mucosal damage on biopsy. Steatorrhea was seen only with the more normal biopsies. Immunofluorescent staining of the biopsies for IgG, IgM, IgA, and secretory piece revealed no immune defects. Thus, there was no single malabsorption defect associated with giardiasis, and the specific defects did not necessarily correlate with morphological changes.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Continuous nasogastric drip elemental feeding. Alternative for prolonged parenteral nutrition in severe prolonged diarrhea.

Eighteen infants with severe prolonged diarrhea were fed successfully by continuous drip enteral feedings with an elemental diet. The mean weight gain was 6.4 +/- 0.7 g/kg/day, using a solution containing up to 87 kcal/dL at volumes up to 260 mL/kg/day. No cardiovascular or metabolic abnormalities occurred. Advantages of the continuous drip regimen were demonstrated by an adaptation phase with a plateau or even a decline in body weight in 12 patients, with weaning from continuous periodic feedings without changing the total caloric or volume intake. Continuous drip feeding provides an alternative for total parenteral nutrition in patients with severe prolonged diarrhea and intolerance to even an elemental diet given as periodic feedings.

Diarrhea↗
PubMed1982

Combined treatment of severe hyponatremia due to inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

A 6-year-old girl developed generalized seizures followed by coma, five days after surgical removal of a craniopharyngioma. Low serum sodium levels and low serum osmolality with inappropriately high urinary sodium output confirmed the diagnosis of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion. Treatment with 3% hypertonic saline solution and repeated doses of furosemide (1 mg/kg) improved her clinical condition; serum sodium levels, however, rose slowly and urinary excretion remained high. Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA), 4 mg/sq m/day, was added to the above regimen. A striking clinical improvement was noted. Serum sodium levels returned to normal with a concomitant sharp decline in urinary sodium output. The clinical course of this patient demonstrates the efficacy of the addition of deoxycorticosterone acetate to hypertonic saline and furosemide in the treatment of severe, life-threatening hyponatremia due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Orbital meningocele presenting as periorbital cellulitis.

A case of orbital meningocele in a 15-day-old infant presenting as periorbital cellulitis, followed by meningitis, is described. Unlike other cases with the same anomaly, signs were not noted in the involved eye, neither before the cellulitis nor after recovery following antibiotic treatment. Preoperative, diagnosis was confirmed by tomography of the orbit. On operation a bony defect was found in the orbital roof, which was repaired. Recovery was uneventful.

Cellulitis↗
PubMed1980

Analysis of auditory nerve-brainstem responses (ABR) in neonates and very young infants.

Auditory nerve-brainstem responses (ABR) to click stimuli were recorded in 26 normal infants when they were neonates and again in the same infants when they were 3 months old. The cochlear microphonic potential was also recorded in several of the neonates. The following response parameters were studied: latency and amplitude of the auditory nerve response, amplitude of the brainstem response elicited from the region of the interior colliculus, the ratio of the amplitudes of these two waves and brainstem transmission time (BTT): the time interval between these two responses. It was found that the auditory nerve response is only slightly prolonged in neonates with respect to adults and shortens by a small amount from birth to the age of 3 months. The latency of the auditory nerve response in neonates is only about 0.3 ms longer than in adults. BTT is longest in neonates and shortens significantly in 3-month-old infants.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extent of measles hepatitis in various ages.

To assess extent of hepatic involvement in measles, we evaluated prospectively 144 patients (ages 0.2 to 43 years) during an outbreak. Liver function parameters (AST, ALT, serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and bilirubin) were determined on presentation and at 2 and 4 weeks. The study comprised 52 pediatric (less than or equal to 14 years) and 92 adult patients. Liver dysfunction was evident quite often (56 to 66%) in adult patients. However, in the pediatric age group, these abnormalities were less frequent and less extensive. Moreover, a significant correlation was noted between age and each of the following parameters: AST (r = 0.61), ALT (r = 0.56) and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (r = 0.39). In all subjects all parameters normalized after 2 to 4 weeks. The data presented suggest that hepatic dysfunction in measles is probably not rare and is more frequent and more extensive in adults. However, these abnormalities seem to be subclinical, self-limited and probably with no long-term sequelae.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Wilson's disease associated with pancreatitis.

A 12-year-old boy presented with a 2-month history of abdominal pain and distention. A diagnosis of Wilson's disease was established, and D-penicillamine therapy was initiated. An associated pancreatitis was diagnosed on presentation, based on elevated serum amylase and an enlarged pancreas ultrasonically. Subsequently, an 18-month follow-up disclosed no abdominal pain, with repeatedly normal serum amylase level and a normal pancreas on ultrasonography. Since abdominal pain is a common symptom in Wilson's disease on presentation, this possibility should be considered in untreated patients. It is concluded that pancreatitis may be associated with Wilson's disease, possibly because of copper deposition in the pancreas, and is probably responsive to copper chelation therapy.

Acute Disease↗