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Biomedical subjects

Z Shoham

Publications and source records attributed to Z Shoham.

88 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Complications associated with genital colonization in pregnancies with and without cerclage.

Cultures from the cervical milieu were taken from 24 antibiotic-treated patients (group A) and from 25 patients with no antibiotic treatment (group B). Both groups had undergone cerclage and were compared to 30 randomly chosen pregnant patients without cerclage (group C). Positive cultures were obtained in 70.8% and 48% before cerclage and in 66.7% and 68% after cerclage in groups A and B, respectively. These were not significantly different from group C (56.7%). Escherichia coli was found in over 75% of positive cultures. The rate of premature deliveries and premature rupture of the membranes were significantly higher in the cerclage groups. Maternal morbidity was significantly higher in group A compared to B and C. Our data suggest that bacterial colonization of the cervix and the vagina is not influenced by cerclage and antibiotics. It is concluded that cervical cerclage is associated with increased morbidity, therefore it is indicated only for definite anatomic and/or functional defects.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and human chorionic gonadotropin in a pure ovarian dysgerminoma.

Pure dysgerminoma is considered to be a nonsecretary ovarian tumor. In this study serum lactic dehydrogenase, human chorionic gonadotropin, and alkaline phosphatase levels were highly elevated in a 21-year-old woman with unilateral ovarian pure dysgerminoma and fell sharply to normal levels after removal of the tumor. In order to establish the source of these elevated serum enzymes and hormone, the tumor was homogenized and the level of these substances was found to be several times higher than that of normal homogenized ovarian tissue. In addition, the presence of lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in the dysgerminoma cells was shown by histochemical methods. This is the first report providing evidence that pure dysgerminoma contains and secretes enzymes and hormones which may constitute tumor markers useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with this type of neoplasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The value of amnioscopy in surveillance of postdate pregnancy.

The accuracy and reliability of amnioscopy in detecting the presence of meconium in amniotic fluid and in predicting fetal distress were evaluated in 289 postdate pregnancies. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid tended to be associated with complications of pregnancy such as ABO incompatibility (p less than 0.05), the need for operative delivery (p less than 0.02), and fetal distress at birth (p less than 0.05). Amnioscopy failed to detect the presence of meconium antenatally in most cases (57%), and positive amnioscopy for meconium was unrelated to the incidence of fetal distress. When meconium was present, induction of labour was ineffective in reducing the incidence of fetal distress. Amnioscopy is not recommended for the monitoring of postdate pregnancies.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1988

Iniencephaly: prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis--a case report.

A case of iniencephaly, diagnosed prenatally at 19 weeks of gestation, is presented. The main findings of the ultrasound examination were anencephaly, almost complete absence of cervical structures and cervical and thoracic rachischisis. Amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein was markedly elevated. The diagnosis of iniencephaly was confirmed after termination of pregnancy. This case demonstrate the feasibility of the prenatal diagnosis of this rare neural tube defect.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1988

Management of labor with umbilical cord prolapse: a 5-year study.

Fifty-one cases of cord prolapse, in which delivery was not imminent and the fetus was still alive, were managed by filling the bladder with 500-700 mL of saline and by intravenous ritodrine. Delivery was by cesarean section as soon as possible. Among the cases so managed, there were no perinatal deaths. The mean 5-minute Apgar score was 9.5, and in only three cases was it less than 7. In eight cases, fetal distress continued after treatment, as compared with 33 cases before this type of treatment started (P less than .001); no difference was found in the outcome between neonates weighing less than or greater than 2500 g.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1987

The influence of different copper wires on human sperm penetration into bovine cervical mucus, in vitro.

The influence of four different copper-containing intrauterine devices (IUD) (Nova-T, Multiload, Fincoid 250 and copper-T 250) on the penetration of human sperm into bovine cervical mucus were assessed. Pooled samples of predetermined sperm concentration were suspended in Earl's medium in which a copper IUD was previously incubated for periods between one hour to fourteen days. The mean copper concentration was determined for each of the medium containing IUD and was found to be between 284 +/- 93 micrograms/100 ml to 392 +/- 138 micrograms/100ml. While there was no adverse effect on sperm motility by the copper-containing medium, there was a significant reduction in the number of sperm penetrated into the bovine cervical mucus as compared to the penetration of sperm suspended in pure Earl's medium. It therefore seems that the influence of copper on sperm penetration might be by an effect on the environment or spermatozoal migration rather than by direct effect of copper on sperm motility.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

ATP content in human semen and sperm quality.

Five semen characteristics (count, motility, normal forms, bovine cervical mucus penetration, and ATP) were evaluated in patients attending the infertility clinic. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the only characteristic independently affecting ATP concentration was sperm count, whereas motility and percent normal forms had no additional contribution to ATP level. Penetration into bovine cervical mucus did not depend on ATP levels. Comparison of semen characteristics in the same group between patients who have impregnated their wives and those who have not indicated that with respect to count, motility, morphology, and ATP the only sperm characteristic independently predicting fertility was motility. ATP measurements have limited value in the evaluation of semen quality.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1987

Effect of washing and suspension on penetration of human sperm into bovine cervical mucus.

The in vitro penetration ability of human sperm into bovine cervical mucus after washing and suspension of the sperm in Earl's medium was compared with that of untreated sperm. The extent of penetration was found to be significantly lower in sperm washed and suspended in Earl's medium than in the unwashed sperm (p less than 0.0001); it increased to some extent on resuspension of the washed sperm in the seminal plasma but still remained significantly lower than that of intact sperm (p less than 0.009). The introduction of caffeine into the Earl's medium resulted in an increased penetration of the washed sperm into bovine cervical mucus, but this was still significantly lower than the penetration of the unwashed sample (p less than 0.02). The data point to the effectiveness of the seminal plasma as a medium facilitating sperm penetration through bovine cervical mucus.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

New immunochemical method for rapid detection of human choriogonadotropin in urine.

We describe a visual assay for rapid detection of choriogonadotropin (hGC) in human urine, and evaluate a pregnancy test kit that is based on this assay and designed for use by the general public. The assay involves the formation of an antibody-antigen complex between the anti-hGC antibodies coated on the membrane protein of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, prestained with hematoxylin, and the hGC concentrated on a column of Sepharose-concanavalin A. The test was calibrated to detect as little hGC as 0.9 (SD 0.15) int. unit/mL. The kit, clinically tested with 448 urine samples, was 99.6% accurate. Simple to perform, the test gives highly reliable results as early as five days after the missed menstrual period.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical aspects of ovarian tumors of low malignant potential.

A review of 21 cases of ovarian tumors of low-malignant potential diagnosed in our department over a period of 13 years was undertaken. Ninety percent of the patients presented with stage I disease. The average age at diagnosis (45 years) was younger than commonly found in patients with invasive epithelial cancer. Three patients received postoperative chemotherapy, and all of those were evaluated by second-look laparotomy. One of our patients with stage Ic serous tumor recurred with lung metastases. In two other patients with mucinous tumors, mucocele of the appendix was found. The five year survival in this series was 100%. Our study emphasizes the need for a prospective study to evaluate the value of adjuvant therapy in the various stages of these ovarian neoplasms.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Glucose tolerance in pregnant women following treatment for sterility.

The incidence of glucose intolerance in 76 patients with polycystic ovary disease (PCOD) who became pregnant after treatment for ovulation was compared with that in 95 healthy women, matched with respect to age and diabetic background, who conceived without intervention. The incidence of abnormal glucose tolerance test results in the treated group was twice that in the normal group (19.7% vs. 9.5%; P less than .03). Moreover, within the treated group abnormal test results occurred more frequently in patients who became pregnant following induction of ovulation with human menopausal gonadotropin (29%) than in those who conceived as a result of other treatment modalities (12%).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of silicone sheeting in preventing the formation of pelvic adhesions.

The uterine horns of 35 female rabbits were subjected to injury by cautery. Ten days later the adhesions were scored and lysed, and in 30 animals the lesion on one side was covered with a segment of silicone. The contralateral uterine horn served as an internal control. After 5, 10, or 15 days, the silicone was removed (groups A, B, and C, respectively). Five animals (group D) in which no silicone barrier was introduced served as an external control. The rabbits were killed ten days later, and the pelvic adhesions were scored again. A significant reduction in adhesion formation following lysis was found in groups A, B, and C. The largest difference between the treated and the untreated side was obtained in group A. In each of these groups, the mean adhesions score on the treated side was significantly lower following lysis than in group D.

Adnexal Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ovarian malignancies in pregnancies complicated by colonic perforation.

Primary or secondary ovarian carcinoma in pregnancy is very rare. The entity is difficult to diagnose and is not infrequently fatal. Two unusual cases of ovarian carcinoma during pregnancy, complicated by perforation of the colon, are described. Treatment depends upon the time of diagnosis, the stage of growth, and possible complications. More attention should be paid to complaints concerning bowel function during pregnancy, and pelvic sonography and bowel studies may enable earlier diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microscopic salpingitis is not an etiologic factor of tubal pregnancy with intrauterine devices.

OBJECTIVE: This prospective study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that microscopic chronic salpingitis is an etiologic factor in ectopic (tubal) pregnancy with an intrauterine device (IUD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients at a university hospital operated for tubal pregnancy fulfilled strict histological diagnostic criteria for tubal pregnancy. There were no statistically significant differences in prevalence of microscopic findings of chronic inflammation in patients who never used an IUD, had a history of IUD use, or had an IUD in situ at the time of laparotomy. Salpingitis isthmica nodosa was found in four patients (30.8%) without past or present history of IUD use as compared to two patients (5.4%) with past or present history of IUD (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The use of an IUD does not appear to cause tubal pregnancy by the mechanism of tubal inflammation or presence of salpingitis isthmica nodosa. Therefore, other mechanisms by which an IUD might cause ectopic pregnancy should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Induced midtrimester abortion and future fertility--where are we today?

OBJECTIVE: To review recent data and clinical opinions on the impact of induced midtrimester abortion on future fertility. DATA: MEDLINE search from 1971 to June 1994. Studies on complications and sequelae of induced midtrimester abortion and impact upon future fertility were included. RESULTS: The possible complications that might be involved include uterine rupture, intrauterine adhesions, pelvic inflammatory disease, subsequent spontaneous abortions, cervical incompetence, subsequent premature labor, and ectopic pregnancy. Very little has been published on the effect of induced midtrimester abortion on future fertility, thus making a clear-cut conclusion difficult. CONCLUSIONS: As with first trimester abortion, midtrimester abortion seems to have no great effect on future fertility; and the rate of complications could be significantly reduced using appropriate measures, as discussed in the paper.

Abortion, Induced↗