Tissue distribution of a novel cell binding protein, osteoadherin, in the rat.
Osteoadherin is a cell binding keratan sulfate proteoglycan which was recently isolated from mineralized bovine bone and subsequently cloned and sequenced. For studies of osteoadherin expression in rat tissues we isolated and sequenced a 1.3-kbp partial cDNA covering most of the coding region using a rat calvaria cDNA library. The most 5' end of the cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription PCR from the bone total RNA preparation. The deduced, translated protein sequence containing 423 amino acid residues shows high sequence identity to mouse, bovine and human osteoadherin except in the very acidic C-terminal region. However, the rat counterpart showed a similarly high content of acidic amino acid residues. Ribonuclease protection assay showed osteoadherin mRNA to be expressed in femoral bone and calvaria tissues, while no expression was detected in cartilage, tendon or liver. Using very sensitive nested RT-PCR, however, message was detected in femoral head, rib, tendon and bone marrow total RNA preparations. An antiserum specific for the rat C-terminal region of osteoadherin was generated and used for studies of protein distribution by immunohistochemistry during femoral head development. Osteoadherin was primarily present in bone trabeculae and no staining was seen in cartilage. In situ hybridization showed the strongest expression in osteoblasts close to the cartilage/bone interface of the growth plate and lower expression in diaphyseal osteoblasts. On maturation of the femoral head on day 60 some expression was detected immediately below the forming articular cartilage. Our data indicated that osteoadherin is primarily expressed by osteoblasts and might have a role in regulation of mineralization.