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Biomedical subjects

Z S Ordukhanian

Publications and source records attributed to Z S Ordukhanian.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Evaluation of accelerography in use of muscular relaxants in children with oncological pathology].

The paper presents the results of study of neuromuscular conduction and neuromuscular block by accelerography (TOF) in 100 children operated on for abdominal, retroabdominal, and mediastinal tumors. The currently available myorelaxants Arduan, Tracrium, and Mivacron are studied. There is evidence for the high informative and prognostic values of accelerography, in infusion of drugs in particular, which makes it possible to lower the total dose of muscular relaxants, to avoid decurarization, and to change myoplegia policy in accordance with the intraoperative situation.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

[Ways of antioxidative prevention of complications in immediate postoperative period in children with nephroblastoma].

The parameters of the activity of the antioxidative system (AOS) were studied in 85 patients aged 1 to 14 years who had nephroblastoma in the immediate postoperative period. They were compared with those in healthy children. To prevent AOS failure, Group 1 patients with nephroblastoma received ascorbic acid (AA) in a dose of 15 mg. Group 2 patients took a larger dose (25-30 mg) in combination with alpha-tocopherol. It was ascertained that the small dose of AA did not prevent AOS failure in the postoperative period while its larger doses prevented significant manifestations of antioxidative protective deficit, by reducing the incidence and severity of postoperative trophic complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Antioxidant defense status of children in the early post-operative period in Wilms' tumor] .

Lipid peroxidation (LP) was studied in 85 patients, aged 1-14, with Wilms tumor (stage II-IV). In addition to standard infusions, patients of group I received ascorbic acid (AA) 15 mg/body weight postoperatively while, in group II, AA 25-35 mg/body was supplemented with alpha-tocopherol 1.4-1.9 mg/body. LP was evaluated by assaying malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and--such enzymes A3 superoxide dismutase--SOD; catalase--CA and nonenzymatic components (AA and blood-alpha-tocopherol) for status of antioxidant defense. Medium mass molecules (MMM) were used as markers of endogenous intoxication. Said procedures were carried out before surgery and on days 1, 3 and 5 after operation. A significant decrease in endogenous AA and alpha-tocopherol was established, as compared with healthy children, while a significant increase was registered in MDA, MMM, SOD and CA levels. The LP investigation confirmed the systemic impact of tumor. Surgical stress contributed to the rise of LP thus compromising antioxidant defense. Postoperative administration of high doses of AA in combination with alpha-tocopherol reduced the rates of LP processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Evaluation of myorelaxant drug action in surgery for pediatric oncopathologies].

Neuro-muscular transmission was studied in 100 children operated on for retroperitoneal and mediastinal tumors using the TOF-Guard accelograph. The device was instrumental in cutting down intubation time, monitoring neuro-muscular transmission system (NMTS), predicting the point of transmission recovery and making extubation possible. NMTS monitoring established such advantages of continuous myorelaxant infusion as lower rate of drug administration and lower total dose; the latter is important to avoid drug cumulation. Due to TOF-Guard application 25-30 and 20% of such myorelaxant drugs as arduan and mivacron was saved, respectively; infusion technique required no decurarization medication. There is quite a potential of variation of myorelaxant administration at different stages of surgery and anesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Experience in treating Nephroblastomas].

The treatment of nephroblastomas which accounts for 72% of all malignant neoplasms in children is one of the topical problems of pediatric oncology. To detect the tumor at early stages of a tumorous process is one of the main conditions of successful treatment for nephroblastomas. The histological types of nephroblastoma, its international classifications and present-day treatment policy are given. A role of radiation treatment is shown at pre- and postoperative therapeutical stages. Drugs, their combinations, and the efficiency of polychemotherapy regimens in use are outlined. The importance of comprehensive examination of the patient to determine the extent of malignancy and to choose adequate antitumor treatment regimens is emphasized.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

[Surgical stress in pediatric oncology].

Hormonal-metabolic examination was performed in 150 children suffering nephroblastoma and retroperitoneal tumors to outline features of surgical stress in pediatric cancer patients. Surgical trauma causes hyperglycemia associated with relatively low level of insulin and elevated concentration of somatotropin in blood. A reverse correlation was established between pre- and intraoperative values of many hormonal-metabolic parameters. Surgical stress results in cytolysis, protein catabolism and an increase in endogenous intoxication. Retabolil, eleuterococcus, gordox and preoperative infusion of glucose and neohemodes can be used for prevention of surgical stress.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intraoperative infusion-transfusion therapy in pediatric surgical oncology].

Modern concept of intraoperative blood loss compensation differs crucially from the old rule to compensate the blood loss by donor blood in the same volume, which is explained by serious risks associated with blood transfusions. The parameters of infusion/transfusion therapy with 6% Infucol GEK are presented. The drug was used with good results in adults and children. Volemic parameters are presented and dynamic changes in the blood clotting system after transfusion of infucol GEK and Russian colloid preparation polygluquine are analyzed. Infucol GEK improved vascular blood filing and decreased the volume of other preparations used for blood loss compensation.

Blood Loss, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Postoperative epidural bupivacaine infusion in pediatric oncology].

The paper presents the results of use of continuous epidural bupivacaine infusion for postoperative anesthesia in 88 children operated on for malignant tumors. Two groups of patients differing in the procedure of epidural bupivacaine infusion are compared. The use of bupivacaine at a higher concentration (0.25%) within the first 12 hours of the early postoperative period can provide a more effective anesthesia than that at a concentration of 0.125%. The efficacy and tolerability of the above procedures for injecting the local anesthetic are studied and their after-effects are analyzed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Management of nephroblastoma in children: current approaches and outlook].

Nephroblastoma or Wilms' tumor occurs most frequently in children. New approaches to diagnosis and treatment of this malignancy introduced for the last 15 years are reviewed. Current approaches are characterized by advances in computer noninvasive diagnostic techniques and more aggressive chemotherapy. The first line treatment is polychemotherapy (1 or 2 courses) followed by surgical intervention and postoperative drug or drug+radiation treatment. As shown by follow-up, 40% of patients with nephroblastoma stage III and IV are now free of recurrences and metastases for at least five years. Special investigations are needed to elucidate these children's quality of life, physical, social and mental fitness. Serious problems still remain in perfection of programmed treatment of children with prognostically unfavourable factors.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗