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Biomedical subjects

Z Q Lin

Publications and source records attributed to Z Q Lin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Managing selenium-contaminated agricultural drainage water by the integrated on-farm drainage management system: role of selenium volatilization.

The Integrated on-Farm Drainage Management (IFDM) system was designed to dispose of selenium (Se)-contaminated agricultural irrigation drainage water through the sequential reuse of saline drainage water to grow crops having different salt tolerance. This study quantified the extent of biological volatilization in Se removal from the IFDM system located in the western San Joaquin Valley, California. Selenium volatilization from selected treatment areas, including pickleweed (Salicornia bigelovii Torr.), saltgrass (Distichlis spicata L.), bare soil, and the solar evaporator, was monitored biweekly using an open-flow sampling chamber system during the pickleweed growing season from February to September 1997, and monthly from September 1997 to January 1998. Biological volatilization from the pickleweed section removed 62.0 +/- 3.6 mg Se m(-2) y(-1) to the atmosphere, which was 5.5-fold greater than the Se accumulated in pickleweed tissues (i.e., phytoextraction). The total Se removed by volatilization from the bare soil, saltgrass, and the solar evaporator was 16.7 +/- 1.1, 4.8 +/- 0.3, and 4.3 +/- 0.9mg Se m(-2) y(-1), respectively. Selenium removal by volatilization accounted for 6.5% of the annual total Se input (957.7mg Sem(-2) y(-1)) in the pickleweed field, and about 1% of the total Se input (432.7 mg Se m(-2) y(-1)) in the solar evaporator. We concluded that Se volatilization under naturally occurring field conditions represented a relatively minor, but environmentally important pathway of Se removal from the IFDM system.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2001

X-ray absorption spectroscopy study shows that the rapid selenium volatilizer, pickleweed (Salicornia bigelovii Torr.), reduces selenate to organic forms without the aid of microbes.

In many plant species, selenium (Se) volatilization is limited by the reduction of selenate and its chemical conversion to organic Se compounds, a process that may be facilitated by rhizosphere microbes. This study was conducted to determine if pickleweed (Salicornia bigelovii Torr.), which is characterized by having high rates of Se volatilization from selenate, is able to reduce selenate into organic forms of Se axenically, or whether it requires the presence of microbes. X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis showed that shoots and roots of pickleweed plants supplied with 50 microM selenate accumulated Se predominantly in organic Se forms (about 65-75% of the total accumulated Se), regardless of whether the plants were grown axenically or in the presence of microbes. The results suggest that, unlike other species for which selenate reduction appears to be rate limiting. e.g. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.), pickleweed is unusual in that it has an enhanced capacity to reduce selenate to organic forms that is independent of the presence of rhizosphere microbes.

Chenopodiaceae↗
PubMed2000

Utilization and effectiveness of a weight-based heparin nomogram at a large academic medical center.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the utilization rate of a weight-based heparin nomogram and to assess the performance of the nomogram outside of experimental conditions. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 747 consecutive patients treated with intravenous heparin therapy for any indication on an internal medicine service were evaluated for the utilization rate of the weight-based nomogram, the time needed to exceed heparin's therapeutic threshold (activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT] of > 1.5 times the control value), and the time needed to achieve heparin's therapeutic range (aPTT of 1.5 to 2.4 times the control value). Physicians were encouraged to use the weight-based nomogram by using conventional continuing medical education techniques and by configuring the computerized order entry system to give physicians an equally easy and voluntary choice between choosing the weight-based nomogram or ordering heparin in the traditional fashion. RESULTS: The study program had no effect in increasing the utilization rate of the nomogram; this rate remained the same as before the program was initiated (10%). Less time was needed both to exceed the therapeutic threshold and to achieve a therapeutic range with the weight-based nomogram compared with physician-guided dosing (P < .001 and P = .021, respectively). No difference was demonstrated between the weight-based and physician-guided groups in incidence of bleeding complications or in the proportion of patients with one or more supratherapeutic aPTTs. CONCLUSIONS: The weight-based nomogram led to superior intermediate outcomes compared with physician-guided dosing. However, despite efforts intended to modify physician behavior, the utilization rate remained so low that it was ineffective. Further research into the reasons why physicians chose not to use the weight-based nomogram and further research into methods to translate efficacious therapies into effective patient care are indicated.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1993

[Two cases of personal identification based on characteristic findings in hard tissue of human remains].

Two cases of personal identification based on the characteristic findings observed in the bones and teeth of unknown human remains are reported. In Case 1, a skeletonized cadaver could be identified as a 49-year-old male because the autopsy findings of the left clavicle of the cadaver, which was previously operated with metallic screw and wire after fracture, corresponded to the characteristic findings in an antemortem X-ray picture of the presumed person. In Case 2, a cadaver discovered at the seaside, could be identified as a 55-year-old male by comparison between ante- and postmortem dental X-ray findings such as root canal treatment and disease (radicular cyst) including the anatomical characteristics of the root. In forensic practice of personal identification of cadavers with advanced postmortem changes, it seems really important to find out an antemortem medical and/or dental chart and X-ray pictures as well as thorough examination for hard tissue of human remains.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1992

Sex diagnosis of Chinese skulls using multiple stepwise discriminant function analysis.

Sixty Chinese skulls (30 males and 30 females) from Liaoning Province of the People's Republic of China were used in this study. Forty-one variables on each skull were measured and one group of 14 and a second group of 5 variables were selected from all the variables by applying multiple stepwise regression on a computer. Discriminant equations for the 14 and 5 variables for sex diagnosis have been obtained and these variables are highly significant. The discriminant rate for the group of 5 variables resulted in accurate sex determination in 96.7% of cases. For the group of 14 variables there was 100% success rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Periodontal conditions in 35-44-year-old factory workers in Shanghai.

A periodontal survey applying CPITN was carried out in almost 500 male and female factory workers, 35-44 yr of age, in Shanghai, P.R. China. Calculus and shallow pockets were most frequent. Deep pockets of 6 mm and over were seldom found. The mean number of missing teeth was only 2.7 (out of 32). Problems associated with third molars seem to provide the largest immediate oral health problem.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of 8 antitumor drugs against the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma (LAX-83) transplanted under the kidney capsule of nude mice].

Nude mice, inoculated with LAX 83 in bilateral subrenal capsules, were used in experimental therapy with 8 antitumor drugs. Treatment was initiated 2 d after tumor inoculation. All the drugs were ip to the nude mice daily for 7 d. At the daily doses VCR 0.4, MMC 2, CCNU 16, cis-DDP 2, AdM 2.5, 5-Fu 30, CTX 40 and MTX 2-6 mg/kg, the inhibition of the tumor growth were 100, 95.8, 91.3, 79.2, 65.2, 60.7, 62.3 and 0%, respectively. The results indicated that the effects of the drugs on nude mice inoculated with LAX-83 in subrenal capsule not only exhibited a good correlation to those in sc, but also shortened the period of experiment from 22 to 11 d. Furthermore, when LAX-83 was inoculated into the subrenal capsule of Swiss +/+ mice, the tumor tissues degenerated and disintegrated 2 d after the inoculation and replaced by inflammatory granuloma tissues 6 d later.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of benign ovarian tumour surgery].

Eighty patients with benign ovarian tumour including 54 cases of enucleation and 26 cases of salpingo-oophorectomy were followed-up. The results showed that the menstruation and fertility of post-enucleation patients were better than those of post-salpingo-oophorectomy. The tumour relapses revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The pathology of 12 cases of ovarian tissue enucleated showed that most ovarian tissue outside the tumours were normal ovarian cortex and primordia follicles. The advantages of ovarian tumour enucleation were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[A study of lymphocyte subsets in human normal tonsil and lymph node].

A series of T and B lymphocyte specific monoclonal antibodies was used to determine the localization of lymphocyte subpopulation in frozen and paraffin tissue sections of human normal tonsil and lymph node by means of immunocytochemical technique. In the paracortical and interfollicular area of tonsil and lymph node, most lymphocytes reacted with Leu 1, Leu 3 a, Leu 4 and OKT4. The numbers of Leu 2 a and OKT8 positive cells were rare in tissue. These cells were not only limited in paracortical area, they also appeared in considerable numbers in medullary cords of lymph nodes. Leu 2 a and OKT 8 positive cells decreased with prominent follicular hyperplasia of tonsils. In addition, substantial leu 3 a and Leu 4 cells were found in the germinal centers. This finding supports the importance of these lymphocyte subsets in regulation of human immune response. In the mantle zone of secondary follicles, the majority of lymphocytes were positive for OKB 2 and BA 1, whereas, the IgM positive cells were predominately observed in the cytoplasma and extracellular substance of B lymphocytes in the germinal centers, but the lymphocytes bearing sIgM were rarely observed. In the mantle zone, the IgM were frequently found on the surface of membrane of small lymphocytes, however, the staining intensity was much than that in the germinal centers.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

[Pathologic findings of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) after chemotherapy--analysis of 48 cases].

From 1980 to 1986, resected specimens from 48 SCLC patients after chemotherapy were studied pathologically. According to the pathologic changes, they were divided into four degrees: 1. The primary lesion disappeared and was replaced by fibrosis (6 cases, 12.5%); 2. Scanty residual cancer tissues were seen by microscopy (6 cases, 12.5%); 3. Degeneration and necrosis with fibrosis were present but active cancer tissues in small areas were found (18 cases, 37.5%), and 4. There was mild degeneration or no obvious changes (18 cases, 37.5%). Five specimens were examined by electron microscopy. The effect of chemotherapy in the primary lesion is more marked than that in the metastatic lymph nodes. The relationship between pathologic changes and response of chemotherapy and pathologic staging; comparison of clinical and pathologic staging and the prognosis of lymph node metastasis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Multiple primary lung cancers.

From November 1957 to June 1984 at Shanghai Chest Hospital, 30 cases of multiple primary lung cancers were confirmed, based on clinical characteristics, diagnostic process, histologic type, treatment, and prognosis. Out of 3,815 cases of resected primary lung cancer, the incidence of multiple primary lung cancers was 0.8 percent. There were ten synchronous cases and 20 metachronous cases. Seventeen cases were unilateral, and 13 cases were bilateral, of which only one case was synchronous, and the remaining 12 cases were postoperative resection of an opposite lesion. Among the ten synchronous cases, four cases of multiple primary lung cancers were definitely diagnosed before surgery by chest x-ray films or fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Among the 20 metachronous cases, 11 cases were definitely diagnosed before surgery as the second primary lesion by chest x-ray films taken during periodic follow-ups after the initial resection, while nine cases were proven by thoracotomy. All of the 15 cases definitely diagnosed before surgery as multiple primary lung cancers were according to our criteria. Histologically, adenocarcinoma was relatively scarce, at a rate of 13 percent (4/30); but epidermoid carcinoma was predominant, at a rate of 87 percent (26/30), of which 11 cases were accompanied by adenocarcinoma or large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma. The average postoperative survival in the ten synchronous cases was 29 months and in the 20 metachronous cases was 26.2 months, counting from the time of the second operation. The criteria of clinicopathologic findings, early diagnostic procedure, and surgery for multiple primary lung cancers were also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Transplantation model of human lung oat cell carcinoma in nude mice].

A human lung oat cell carcinoma from a surgical specimen was successfully transplanted into nude mice and has been maintained for over four years through 14 passages. This transplanted tumor had a long latent period of more than one month, slowly growing in the initial inoculation and the following passages. The interval between two passages was about four months. 5 months after the inoculation, the transplanted tumor in nude mice grew to 2 cm in diameter. It was demonstrated that the transplanted tumor possessed the human isoenzyme pattern and human chromosome karyotype. The original human tumor and its transplanted counterparts in the nude mice were strikingly similar by histopathology. Besides, specific neuro-secretory granules in cytoplasm of the transplanted tumor were observed under transmission electron microscope.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Multiple primary lung cancer].

From November 1957 to June 1984, 30 patients with multiple primary lung cancer were diagnosed, basing on clinical features, diagnostic means, histologic type, treatment and prognosis. Out of 3,815 cases of resected primary lung cancer, the incidence of multiple primary cancer was 0.8%. There were 10 synchronous and 20 metachronous cases. There were 17 unilateral, only 1 simultaneous bilateral and 12 contralateral after resection of cancer in the opposite lung. Four of the 10 synchronous cases were definitely diagnosed preoperatively. Among the 20 metachronous cases, 9 were definitely diagnosed as a second primary lesion and the other 11 were proved by thoracotomy. Pathologically, 19 had identical types (15 squamous cell and 4 adenocarcinoma) but 11 had double types (9 squamous cell + adenocarcinoma, 2 squamous cell + anaplastic). The average survival of these 30 patients was 27.1 months, that in the synchronous group was 29 months and that in the metachronous group was 26.2 months. The 5 year survival rate of the synchronous cases was 35%, that of the metachronous cases was 42%. The clinicopathological criteria of multiple primary lung cancer, early diagnostic and operative procedure are also discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Establishment and characterization of human malignant pleural mesothelioma cell line SMC-1.

A cell line (SMC-1) has been established from the resected tissue of a patient with malignant pleural mesothelioma which has been pathologically confirmed to be the mixed type. The cell line is characterized by the pleomorphy and multilayered growth of the cells with the population-doubling time of approximately 32 h, the highest mitotic index of 46--50% and the modal chromosome number of 69-70. Transplantation of the cells into the animals can produce tumors bearing histological resemblance to the original material. The cultured cells, xenografted tumor cells and the cells from the host specimen show similar histochemical expressions. These data meet the requirements of a human malignant pleural mesothelioma cell line. The establishment of this cell line will serve as a useful tool in clinical research of diagnosis and treatment of this devastating disease.

Adult↗