Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Z Ota

Publications and source records attributed to Z Ota.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Effect of protease inhibitor on primary glomerulonephritis and the mechanism of the effect].

Effect of serine protease inhibitor Camostat Mesilate (Foipan) on primary glomerulonephritis and it's mechanism were evaluated. Forty-two patients having primary glomerulonephritis (13 cases of IgA nephropathy, 11 cases of membranous nephropathy and others), aged 18 to 81 years were selected for this study. At the start of our study, twenty-one patients had received other drugs (13 cases of dipyridamole and 13 cases of prednisolone). A control period of four weeks was established to confirm that the levels of proteinuria and renal functions were stable. Patients were orally administered with 600 mg of Camostat Mesilate per day for four weeks. Effect of Camostat Mesilate was judged by urinary protein excretion, hematuria, serum total protein, albumin, Ccr, creatinine and BUN. In order to reveal the mechanism of the effect laboratory data such as granulocyte elastase, CH50, C3, C4, fibrinogen, platelate factor 4, beta-thromboglobulin, thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin F1 alpha were evaluated before and after the treatment. Parameters were analyzed by using paired t-test. Mean (+/- SEM) urinary protein excretion reduced from 4.31 +/- 0.91 to 2.80 +/- 0.43 g/day (p less than 0.05), and score of hematuria decreased from 1.8 +/- 0.16 to 1.5 +/- 0.15. A significant decrease in urinary protein excretion was seen in membranous nephropathy and a significant decrease in hematuria was seen in IgA nephropathy. In combination therapy (dipyridamole, prednisolone) urinary protein excretion markedly decreased (p less than 0.05) and in Camostat Mesilate therapy score of hematuria markedly decreased (p less than 0.05). Camostat Mesilate had no effects on renal function assessed by Ccr, creatinine and BUN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[A case of lupus nephritis with hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism].

We report a case of 67-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus presenting hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. She admitted because of anasarca in March, 1990. She manifested nephrotic syndrome, and hyperkalemia and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. The hyperkalemia was disproportionate to the degree of renal insufficiency. Basal levels of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were low. Renal tubular function studies revealed normal hydrogen ion secretion. Renal biopsy demonstrated diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis and prominent interstitial cell infiltration. There was no vasculitis of glomerular vascular poles. After treatment of lupus nephritis with prednisolone, levels of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were elevated. Hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis were normalized and renal function improved. We conclude that the heperkalemia and metabolic acidosis could be attributed to hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1990

Central interaction between endothelin and brain natriuretic peptide on pressor and hormonal responses.

Interaction between intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of endothelin (ET) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) on pressor and hormonal responses was examined in unanesthetized, freely moving rats. I.c.v. administered ET (5, 20 or 40 pmol/2 microliters) dose-dependently increased arterial pressure. Plasma catecholamine levels were elevated by 40 pmol of ET, and plasma ACTH level was also elevated by centrally administered ET in a dose-dependent manner. I.c.v. administration of BNP (0.2, 1 nmol/3 microliters) dose-dependently attenuated central ET (40 pmol/2 microliter)-induced pressor response, plasma catecholamine and ACTH secretion. These results indicate that ET may be one of the neuropeptides which stimulate both sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, and that BNP and ET interact in the central nervous system (CNS) to regulate cardiovascular and hormonal functions. Furthermore, these results raise a possibility that BNP antagonizes the effect of not only angiotensin II but also other neuropeptides in the CNS.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1990

Role of central angiotensinergic mechanism in shaking stress-induced ACTH and catecholamine secretion.

The role of central angiotensin II (AII) in the shaking stress-induced adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), plasma catecholamine secretion and pressor response were investigated using conscious rats. We also studied whether or not vasopressin (VP) is involved in the shaking stress-induced pressor response. The shaking stress caused significant elevations in plasma ACTH, catecholamine, and systolic blood pressure. Intra-third ventricular administration of the AII antagonist, Sar1, Ile8-angiotensin II (saralasin) significantly attenuated pressor response and plasma noradrenaline elevation but not plasma ACTH elevation. Pretreatment with the vascular-type VP receptor (V1) antagonist, d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, did not attenuate pressor response nor plasma catecholamine elevation. These results indicate that the central angiotensinergic pathway at least partly mediates the shaking stress-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system without VP involvement, and that central AII does not mediate the ACTH secretion evoked by shaking stress.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1990

Importance of attitude evaluation in diabetes patient education.

Attitudes were evaluated according to the 'Personal Responsibility Attitude Assessment System' (PRAS), which allows grading of patients' attitudes into five levels of perception of responsibility toward their disease. In 59 diabetics evaluated in this study, no sex difference was observed in attitude level, but more of those aged less than 40 years showed lower attitude levels (levels 1-4) than those aged 40 years or over (P less than 0.01). Of those aged 40 or over, more patients with a high attitude level (level 5) had had diabetes for 10 years or longer than those with low attitude levels (levels 1-4) (P less than 0.05). Among those not treated with insulin, patients with a low attitude level showed higher hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) levels (P less than 0.01) and more frequently had retinopathy (P less than 0.05) than patients with high attitude levels. As for women, low attitude level patients consumed less fruit, meat or fish, and vegetables (P less than 0.05) but more fat and sweetening agents (P less than 0.05) than high attitude level patients. These results suggest an association between the attitude level of diabetic patients evaluated by PRAS and the degree of their self-care. Evaluation of patients' attitudes is important in predicting the response to educational intervention in diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of hypertonic saline on the corticotropin-releasing hormone and arginine vasopressin content of the rat pituitary neurointermediate lobe.

The changes in the levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary (NIL) following hypertonic saline administration were examined in rats. The plasma osmotic pressure in rats receiving 2% NaCl for 8 days was greatly increased. Plasma AVP concentration in rats receiving 2% NaCl for 8 days were significantly higher than in control rats (566% of the control level). Plasma corticosterone was significantly higher in the saline-treated rats than in controls, whereas plasma ACTH was not significantly different. The pituitary ACTH concentration was much higher in the saline-treated rats than in controls. CRH in the NIL was increased significantly by saline treatment (419% of the control concentration), whereas the CRH in the paraventricular nucleus and median eminence of control and saline-treated rats did not differ significantly. The AVP in the NIL fell greatly in saline treated rats. The extract from both control and saline-treated rats showed a major peak for immunoreactive CRH, with a retention time identical to that of rat CRH. However, the peak was much higher in the extract from saline-treated rats. The immunoreactive AVP peak was greatly reduced in saline-treated rats. These results suggest that hypertonic saline administration increases the CRH in the NIL and causes AVP hypersecretion and/or hyperfunction of magnocellular-NIL CRH might be responsible for pituitary-adrenal stimulation in saline-treated rats.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1990

Three-dimensional architecture of rat glomerular basement membrane by ultra-high resolution scanning electron microscopy.

We demonstrated the ultrastructure of rat glomerular basement membrane (GBM) by ultra-high resolution scanning electron microscopy. GBM prepared by sonication methods and conductive-staining could be observed without metal coating at magnifications as high as 400,000 times. The GBM showed an irregular meshwork structure composed of various strands and pores. The width of the strands ranged from 6 to 15 nm, and the diameter of pores ranged from 6 to 50 nm. The present study confirmed our molecular sieve theory of the basement membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Increased ability of peripheral blood B cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis to produce interleukin 1 in vitro.

Twenty-four patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 20 normal controls were examined for the ability of their peripheral blood B cells to produce interleukin 1 (IL-1) with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS). B cells were purified from peripheral blood by negative selection methods (i.e., removal of adherent cells and sheep red blood cell rosette-forming cells, followed by treatment with monoclonal antibodies (OKT3 and OKM1) and complement). The amount of IL-1 in B cell culture supernatants (SN) was measured by thymocyte and fibroblast proliferation assays and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IL-1 alpha and beta. As a group, cultured B cells from patients with RA, both spontaneously and when stimulated with LPS, produced higher levels of IL-1 than those from normal controls. IL-1 production by RA B cells with LPS had a weak but positive correlation with disease activity. Moreover, RA B cell culture SN with elevated levels of IL-1 had a synergistic effect on the growth of anti-human IgM (anti-mu) stimulated B cells. In separate experiments, the growth of RA B cells was significantly promoted by IL-1 beta both with and without anti-mu stimulation. These results suggest that B cell-derived IL-1 may be involved in the B cell clonal expansion of RA through its own activity as a B cell stimulatory factor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effect of posterior hypothalamic knife cuts on the baroreflex and hemorrhage-induced hormonal responses.

We made posterior hypothalamic knife cuts in rats to transect the fibers of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) at the level of the mammillary body. The role of the MFB in the baroreflex and hemorrhage-induced hormonal responses was then examined in the unanesthetized, freely moving condition. The slopes for the relationship between changes in pulse interval and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the posterior-cut group were significantly steeper than those in the sham-cut group both when there were phenylephrine-induced increases in MAP (1.13 +/- 0.07 vs 0.86 +/- 0.10 msec/mmHg) and nitroprusside-induced decreases in MAP (1.16 +/- 0.10 vs 0.77 +/- 0.05 msec/mmHg). This result indicates that posterior cuts elevated baroreflex sensitivity when MAP was increased or decreased. The resting MAP was not changed, but the resting heart rate (HR) was lowered by the posterior cuts. Furthermore, the posterior cuts augmented hypotensive hemorrhage-induced bradycardia. Hypotensive hemorrhage (16-17 ml/kg) caused elevation of the plasma catecholamine, ACTH and vasopressin (AVP) levels, but the posterior cuts attenuated these hormonal responses. These results indicate that the fibers in the MFB have a tonic inhibitory effect on the baroreflex in the resting condition, and play a stimulatory role in hemorrhage-induced catecholamine, ACTH and AVP responses.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1990

Effects of hyperosmotic stimulation and adrenalectomy on vasopressin mRNA levels in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus: in situ hybridization histochemical analysis using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe.

The effects of salt loading and adrenalectomy on arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus were studied by semiquantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry, using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe and a computer-assisted image analysis system. Salt loading (2% NaCl) for 7 days produced marked increases in AVP mRNA levels in the magnocellular neurons of the PVN, SON, and accessory nuclei. Adrenalectomy caused an increase in AVP mRNA expression in the magnocellular part of the PVN and the expansion of hybridization signals into its medial parvocellular region, where the cell bodies of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons are located. No apparent alteration of AVP mRNA levels was observed in the SON following adrenalectomy. These results indicate that hyperosmotic stimulation and the loss of circulating glucocorticoids had differential effects on AVP gene expression in the PVN and SON, and that the magnocellular PVN and SON neurons responded in different manners to the loss of feedback signals.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1990

Combined anterior pituitary function test using CRH, GRH, LH-RH, TRH and vasopressin in patients with non-functioning pituitary tumors.

We examined 8 normal subjects and 16 patients with non-functioning pituitary tumors with a combined anterior pituitary test to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the test. Diagnoses included 9 of chromophobe adenoma, 3 of craniopharyngioma, 2 of Rathke's cleft cyst, and 1 each of intrasellar cyst and tuberculum sella meningioma. All subjects received hypothalamic releasing hormones: 1 micrograms/kg corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), 1 micrograms/kg growth hormone releasing hormone (GRH), 500 micrograms thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 100 micrograms luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH), and a relatively small dose (5 mU/kg) of lysine vasopressin (LVP). In the normal subjects, the addition of LVP potentiated the secretion of adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) induced by CRH, but had no significant effect on the secretion of other anterior pituitary hormones. In the combined test with 5 releasing hormones, the plasma ACTH and cortisol responses were not impaired in the majority of the patients before pituitary surgery. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) responses were not impaired in 82%, 70% and 67% of the patients, respectively, while the serum LH and GH responses were impaired in 67% and 73% of the patients, respectively. Following pituitary surgery, responses of these hormones to combined testing were similarly impaired in more than 75% of the patients. These results indicate that plasma ACTH, cortisol and serum TSH responses are fairly good before pituitary surgery but are impaired significantly after surgery. No subjects experienced any serious adverse effects related to the testing. These results suggest that combined testing with hypothalamic hormones is a convenient and useful method for evaluating pituitary function.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Ultrastructural localization of endogenous peroxidase activity in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Ultrastructural localization and intensity of endogenous thyroid peroxidase (TPO) in Hashimoto's thyroiditis were examined in relation to the serum thyroid hormone level, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration and anti-thyroid autoantibody titer. In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, TPO activity on the microvilli of follicular cells was more intense than that of normal thyroid tissue, but the intensity of the intracytoplasmic peroxidase reaction was generally weaker than that of Graves' or normal thyroid tissue. Microvillar TPO reaction products were positive in all thyroid follicular cells in patients with increased TSH levels, but no TPO activity was observed on the microvilli of patients with normal or low TSH levels, irrespective of their histological type or serum anti-microsomal antibody titer. It is suggested that TPO activity on the surface of microvilli of thyroid follicular cells in Hashimoto's thyroid gland is modulated by thyrotropin but is not affected by anti-thyroid autoantibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Role of endogenous prostaglandin E2 in interleukin 1 production by peripheral blood monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

We studied the effect of endogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on interleukin 1 (IL-1) production by peripheral blood monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-1 production by RA monocytes was not different from that of monocytes from normal controls, when the cells were either unstimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 20 micrograms/ml), as measured by two different bioassays (thymocyte or fibroblast proliferation assay) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, IL-1 production by LPS-stimulated monocytes from RA patients cultured in medium containing indomethacin, an inhibitor of PGE2 synthesis, was significantly greater than that of monocytes from normal controls. In addition, the levels of PGE2 in culture supernatants of unstimulated or LPS-stimulated monocytes from RA patients were higher than in culture supernatants of monocytes from normal controls. Moreover, the increase of in vitro IL-2 production by RA T cells stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was observed when monocytes were removed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These results indicated that peripheral blood monocytes from RA patients could produce IL-1 in excess in vitro, but that in vivo IL-1 production by RA monocytes and IL-2 induction by RA T cells might be negatively regulated by endogenous PGE2.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Regional responses of rat brain opioid receptors upon castration and testosterone replacement.

Regional responses of rat brain opioid receptors (Op-Rs) upon castration and testosterone replacement were studied using [3H]naloxone (NAL) binding for u-type and [3H]D-Ala2-methionine-enkephalin (ENK) binding for delta-type Op-R. Castration itself produced an increase in specific NAL and ENK binding in the olfactory bulb and thalamus + midbrain. In the hypothalamus, specific ENK binding was increased without any change in NAL binding. After the testosterone replacement in castrated rats, specific NAL binding was decreased and returned to the control level in the thalamus + midbrain, but remained high in the olfactory bulb. Specific ENK binding was decreased and returned to the control level in the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus and thalamus + midbrain. These results indicated that there are regional differences between u- and delta-type Op-R responses to castration and testosterone replacement. Op-R subtypes were regulated differentially by endogenous hormonal changes, such as testosterone.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Three-dimensional meshwork structure of glomerular basement membrane revealed by chemical treatment.

In order to study the three-dimensional ultrastructure of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), isolated GBM was treated with elastase, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 2-mercaptoethanol and examined by transmission electron microscopy using ultrathin sectioning method and stereoscopic view. This treatment revealed clearly three-dimensional meshwork structure of GBM mainly composed of type IV collagen. Numerous regular polygonal small pores were present in the meshwork structure. The average short dimension of the small pores was 4.1 +/- 1.8 nm and the average long dimension was 4.8 +/- 2.2 nm. Our present results further support the molecular sieve theory of the basement membrane.

Animals↗