Biomedical subjects

Z Ota

Publications and source records attributed to Z Ota.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Autoradiographic localization and computerized quantification of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors in spontaneously hypertensive rat kidney: [3H]bunazosin and [3H]yohimbine binding studies.

The autoradiographic localization of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors was identified in 22-week-old Wistar-Kyoto rat kidney, using alpha 1-selective ([3H]bunazosin) and alpha 2-selective ([3H]yohimbine) antagonists. [3H]Bunazosin binding was distributed predominantly over the cortex, less over the outer medulla and was absent from the inner medulla. [3H]Yohimbine binding was distributed predominantly over the medulla, less over the renal cortex and was absent from the inner medulla. In addition, the distribution of renal alpha-adrenoceptors was investigated in 3-, 7- and 22-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) using a computerized image analysis system. Renal alpha-adrenoceptors were both found to be increased in SHRs at all ages tested compared with their respective controls and were increased in both the cortex and the outer medulla. The increase in renal alpha-adrenoceptors was already present in 3-week-old SHRs whose systolic blood pressures did not differ significantly from those of the controls. The results strongly suggest that these abnormalities of renal alpha-adrenoceptors may play a critical role in the development of hypertension in SHRs.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of prostaglandin E1 on heavy proteinuria in slightly azotaemic diabetics.

Treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients with nephropathy of the nephrotic type using 40 micrograms prostaglandin E1 given intravenously twice daily for 4 weeks reduced the urinary protein concentration. Prostaglandin E1 also increased the total serum protein and serum albumin concentrations, and reduced creatinine clearance and plasma renin activity following frusemide loading. Treatment with the prostaglandin did not, however, significantly affect the blood urea nitrogen and the serum creatinine concentration. It is concluded that prostaglandin E1 has overt effects on diabetic nephropathy.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Does protease inhibitor inhibit complement activation caused by the immune complex associated with islet cell surface antibody?

Sera containing islet cell surface antibody were obtained from seven children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus soon after the onset of disease. After incubation of 51Cr-labelled rat islet cells with islet cell surface antibody, human AB-type serum with or without nafamostat mesylate was added before further incubation. Radioactivity in the supernatant was measured to determine complement-dependent antibody-mediated cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity in untreated sera [mean (+/- SD) 19.4 +/- 4.0%] was significantly (P less than 0.001) inhibited by ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid (EGTA) (7.1 +/- 4.9%), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (2.5 +/- 0.9%) and nafamostat mesylate (2.8 +/- 1.8%). Cytotoxicity of nafamostat mesylate-treated serum was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than that of EGTA-treated serum but not significantly different from that of EDTA-treated serum. There was no difference in cytotoxicity between nafamostat mesylate-treated and untreated, inactivated human serum. The results indicate that the protease inhibitor nafamostat mesylate completely inhibited the complement activation of the immune complex associated with islet cell surface antibody by the classical and alternative pathways.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic lisuride hydrogen maleate administration enhances muscarinic receptor binding in senescent rat brain.

Changes in the regional density of muscarinic-1 (M1) receptors and the effect of lisuride hydrogen maleate on these changes were studied in senescent rat brain by in vitro autoradiography. In young adult controls, M1 receptor binding was most dense in the striatum and hippocampus, followed by the cerebral cortex and amygdala. Binding to M1 receptors was markedly lower in these areas of the senescent brain compared with the young adult brain. These decreases were reversed by intraperitoneal administration of 50 micrograms/kg.day lisuride for 14 days. The present results indicate that the therapeutic efficacy of lisuride depends on normalization of not only monoamine systems but also acetylcholine systems.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Complement activation via the alternative pathway in a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

A 41-year old male with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus previously unsuccessfully treated with a controlled diet and glibenclamide, and subsequently with increasing insulin doses (5 and 20 IU/day) experienced polyuria, glycosuria and loss of weight. On admittance to hospital serum C3 concentrations were found to be depressed. The insulin dose was further increased to 30 IU/day and the patient was also treated with 20 mg nafamostat mesylate given intravenously twice daily for 6 days. On completion of nafamostat mesylate treatment serum C3 concentrations were increased but after 17 days they started to decrease again.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Decreased creatinine clearance which may be observed during prostaglandin E1 therapy: is it reversible with discontinuation of therapy?

A study was carried out in four patients with nephrotic diabetic nephropathy in order to determine if decreased creatinine clearance observed during prostaglandin E1 therapy was reversible on discontinuation of therapy. The patients received 40 micrograms prostaglandin E1 intravenously twice daily for 4 weeks and creatinine clearance and daily excretion of urinary protein were measured immediately before, during and 2 weeks after therapy. Total serum protein and serum albumin were also determined. There was a significant decrease in creatinine clearance during therapy and after therapy clearance increased but not significantly. It is concluded that decreased creatinine clearance during prostaglandin E1 therapy has a partial reversibility on discontinuation of the treatment.

Alprostadil↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of prostaglandin E1 on renal haemodynamics in a patient with diabetic nephropathy.

A 66-year old male with severe hyperglycaemia due to previously uncontrolled diabetes mellitus was also suffering from arteriosclerosis obliterans and diabetic nephropathy. The patient was treated with 16 IU/day insulin zinc suspension. In addition, an intravenous infusion of 80 micrograms/day prostaglandin E1 was given for 28 days in an attempt to improve the arteriosclerosis obliterans and diabetic nephropathy. Treatment resulted in a reduction in fasting blood glucose but no decline in urinary protein. Prostaglandin E1 treatment, however, produced an improvement in renal haemodynamics assessed by renography.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dose-dependent effect of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor on serum cholesterol with limited dietary restrictions: a case study.

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor (pravastatin sodium) can selectively inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver and may lower serum cholesterol concentrations even where there are no particular dietary restrictions. A 72-year old housewife with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by hyperlipaemia type IIb, who did not follow directions for diet therapy or kinesitherapy, was administered HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. The initial dose of 10 mg/day HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor was increased by 10 mg/day every 4 weeks to 30 mg/day, maintained at 30 mg/day for 8 weeks and then reduced gradually until discontinuation after a further 27 weeks. Test results showed the changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoprotein B to be dose-dependent. The findings represent the first clinical evidence that hypercholesterolaemia can be adequately managed by the use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, even when no specific dietary restrictions are imposed, and may contribute to improvements in the quality of daily life for many patients suffering from hyperlipaemia type IIb.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of prostaglandin E1 on the renin-aldosterone system in patients with diabetic nephropathy.

The effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the renin-aldosterone system was investigated in hospitalized patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus presenting with continuous proteinuria but without nephrotic syndrome. Of the 20 patients studied, 10 had continuous positive proteinuria > or = 200 mg/day and 10 had continuous positive proteinuria < 200 mg/day. Prostaglandin E1 (40 micrograms in 100 ml normal saline) was infused intravenously over 2 h twice daily for 4 weeks. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and the plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were determined by radioimmunoassay at 0 and 120 min after a frusemide injection given before the start of PGE1 treatment and during administration of PGE1 in week 4. The patients who had proteinuria < 200 mg/day showed significant decreases in the PRA0 and the ratio of PRA120:PRA0 and a decrease in the PAC120 during prostaglandin PGE1 administration. When the results for the two patient groups were combined, both the PAC120 and the PRA120 were found to be significantly lowered during administration of PGE1. The results indicate that PGE1 may be valuable in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, since the compound inhibited the increased reactivity of the renin-aldosterone system in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of an anxiolytic on lipid profile in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The effects on serum lipid levels of reducing stress were examined in 20 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. An anxiolytic, fludiazepam, was administered to the patients for 12 weeks and their lipid profiles and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores at the beginning and end of treatment were compared. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level increased significantly after the administration of anxiolytic, but other aspects of the lipid profile were unchanged. Both trait and state anxiety scores decreased significantly with the administration of anxiolytic. The results indicate that improvement of stress in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus increases high-density lipoprotein levels.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of long-term administration of a combined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent on glucose and lipid metabolisms in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The effects of a combined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent on glucose and lipid metabolism were examined in 27 out-patients with both non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced (P < 0.02), compared with the baseline value, after 1, 2, 3 and 12 months of treatment, and diastolic blood pressure was reduced after 6 and 12 months while the reductions in blood pressure at the other times were not statistically significant. Total cholesterol, and low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased or showed decreasing trends during treatment, while triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not change in response to treatment. The glycosylated haemoglobin level, an indicator of glucose metabolism, did not change throughout treatment compared with its baseline value. The results suggest that a combined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent is less harmful to lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity than a beta-adrenoceptor blocker would be. Such combined agents may be useful for treating hypertension accompanying diabetes mellitus.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Improvement of stress reduces glycosylated haemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The effects of reducing stress on glucose metabolism in diabetics were evaluated in 20 patients with type 2 diabetes (10 of each sex) who were given an anxiolytic (fludiazepam) for 12 weeks. Patients were tested 4 weeks before the start of anxiolytic treatment (A), immediately before the first dose (B), and before the end of the study period (C) using the State-Trait Anxiety Index and glycosylated haemoglobin levels. There were no significant differences between the trait or state anxiety scores or the glycosylated haemoglobin levels at times A and B before treatment. However, for all three measurements, the values at time C, after treatment, showed significant improvements, compared with those at both times A and B (P < 0.05). The improvement in the trait anxiety score was weakly correlated with the decrease in the glycosylated haemoglobin level (r = 0.426, P < 0.01). No correlation was seen between state anxiety scores and glycosylated haemoglobin levels. The results suggest that suppressing anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes reduces glycosylated haemoglobin levels.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between cardiosympathetic neuropathy and diabetic somatic neuropathy in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The possibility of a relationship between diabetic somatic neuropathy and cardiosympathetic neuropathy was investigated in 103 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Cardiosympathetic nerve function was assessed by myocardial scintigraphy. The severity of diabetic somatic neuropathy was determined by measuring the motor conduction velocities of the peroneal and tibial nerves and the sensory conduction velocity of the sural nerve. Analysis of the results did not show any correlations between the measures of cardiosympathetic nerve function and the measures of diabetic somatic neuropathy. The results indicate that diabetic somatic neuropathy and cardiomyosympathetic neuropathy develop independently in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor combined with sulphonylurea treatment on glucose metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Ten patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who were being treated with a sulphonylureal compound but whose glucose metabolism needed further improvement were given a combination of their usual sulphonylurea treatment and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. Treatment with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (0.6 mg/day), in addition to glibenclamide (7.5 mg/day in two patients; 5.0 mg/day in four; 2.5 mg/day in one) or tolbutamide (500 mg/day in three patients) for 4 weeks, improved hyperglycaemia after meals from 237-247 mg/dl to 192 mg/dl, and reduced glycosylated haemoglobin levels from 8.5-8.6% to 7.9% without causing hypoglycaemia.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMedDate not supplied

No effect of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor on glucose metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and low function of pancreatic beta cells.

Twenty patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who had been receiving appropriate dietary treatment for 3 months but whose glucose metabolism needed further improvement were treated with an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. Treatment with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (0.6 mg/day) for 4 weeks, had no significant effect on blood glucose levels 2 h after breakfast or on glycosylated haemoglobin levels.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiosympathetic neuropathy is independent of cardioparasympathetic neuropathy in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The relationship between cardiosympathetic neuropathy and cardioparasympathetic neuropathy was investigated in 103 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Cardioparasympathetic nerve function was assessed by comparing electrocardiographically the expiratory and inspiratory R-R interval ratios, during a period of deep breathing, and the coefficients of variation of the R-R intervals. Cardiosympathetic nerve function was assessed by determining the uptake of [123I]metaiodobenzyl guanidine into the myocardium. The results indicate that there is no significant correlation between cardioparasympathetic and cardiosympathetic nerve function.

Body Mass Index↗

PubMedDate not supplied

How blood pressure in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is influenced by stress.

The effects of reducing stress on blood pressure were investigated in 20 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. An anxiolytic, fludiazepam, was administered to the patients for 12 weeks and their blood pressures and State Trait Anxiety Inventory scores at the beginning and end of treatment were compared. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and trait and state anxiety scores were all significantly reduced during the treatment period. There was also a weak correlation between the extent of the improvement in the same anxiety score and the improvement in diastolic blood pressures.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Factors related to aortic pulse-wave velocity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The factors that influence the severity of large vessel pathology in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were investigated in 154 randomly selected patients. Measurements of aortic pulse-wave velocity were used to quantify the severity of large vessel pathology. The results showed that of the 20 variables considered, age, systolic blood pressure, duration of disease and serum creatinine were all significantly correlated with pulse-wave velocity. Multiple regression analysis with pulse-wave velocity as the criterion variable showed that age, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were all significant explanatory variables, with age carrying the greatest weight. The findings suggest that controlling blood pressure is most important as a means of containing large vessel pathology in patients with NIDDM.

Adolescent↗