[Current status and prospect of research on the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine].
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
Biomedical subjects
Z N Zhang
Publications and source records attributed to Z N Zhang.
A cohort study of cancer among benzene-exposed workers in China: overall results.
A large cohort study of 74,828 benzene-exposed and 35,805 unexposed workers employed between 1972 and 1987 in 12 cities in China were followed to determine mortality from all causes and the incidence of lymphohematopoietic malignancies and other hematologic disorders. Benzene-exposed study subjects were employed in a variety of occupations, including painting, printing, and the manufacture of footwear, paint, and other chemicals. All-cause mortality was similar in the benzene-exposed and unexposed comparison group. Statistically significant excess deaths were noted among benzene-exposed subjects for leukemia (RR = 2.3, 95% CP 1.1-5.0), malignant lymphoma (RR = 4.5, 95% CI: 1.3-28.4), and nonneoplastic diseases of the blood (RR = 95% CP 2.5-infinity), and a marginally significant excess was noted for lung cancer (RR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0-2.0). Risk was significantly elevated for the incidence of all lymphohematopoietic malignancies (RR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.5-5.0), malignant lymphoma (RR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.2-14.9), and leukemia (RR = 2.6, 95% CI.. 1.3-5.7). Among the leukemia subtypes, only acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) incidence was significantly elevated (RR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.2-10.7), although nonsignificant excesses were also noted for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) (RR = 2.6, 95% CI: 0.7-16.9) and lymphocytic leukemias (RR = 2.8, 95% CI.. 0.5-54.5). Significant excesses were found for aplastic anemia (RR = infinity, 95% CI: 2.2-co) and myelodysplastic syndrome (RR = infinity, 95% CI: 1.7-infinity). Employment in benzene-associated occupations in China is associated with a wide spectrum of myelogenous and lymphocytic malignant diseases and related disorders. Investigations continue to assess the nature of these associations.
Adult↗
An expanded cohort study of cancer among benzene-exposed workers in China. Benzene Study Group.
An expanded cohort study of 74,828 benzene-exposed and 35,805 unexposed workers were followed during 1972 to 1987, based on a previous study in 12 cities in China. A small increase was observed in total cancer mortality among benzene-exposed compared with unexposed workers (relative risk [RR] = 1.2). Statistically significant excesses were noted for leukemia (RR = 2.3), malignant lymphoma (RR = 4.5), and lung cancer (RR = 1.4). When risks were evaluated by leukemia subtype, only acute myelogenous leukemia was significantly elevated (RR = 3.1), although nonsignificant excesses were also noted for chronic myelogenous leukemia (RR = 2.6) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (RR = 2.3). A significant excess was also found for aplastic anemia.
Anemia, Aplastic↗
Mortality among benzene-exposed workers in China.
A large cohort of 74,828 benzene-exposed and 35,805 nonexposed workers employed between 1972 and 1987 in 12 cities in China was followed to determine mortality from all causes. Benzene-exposed study subjects were employed in a variety of occupations including coating applications, and rubber, chemical, and shoe production. Mortality was slightly increased among workers with greater cumulative exposure to benzene (ptrend < 0.05), but this excess was largely due to cancer deaths (ptrend < 0.01). Deaths due to lymphatic and hematopoietic malignancies (ptrend = 0.01) and lung cancer (ptrend = 0.01) increased with increasing cumulative exposure to benzene. Investigations continue to relate benzene exposure to specific lymphatic and hematopoietic malignancies and other causes of death.
Benzene↗
Clinical features of hematopoietic malignancies and related disorders among benzene-exposed workers in China. Benzene Study Group.
Previous occupational cohort studies of benzene-exposed workers have for the most part used only death certificates to validate diagnoses of workers developing leukemia and other hematopoietic and lymphoproliferative malignancies and related disorders (HLD). In a follow-up study of 74,828 benzene-exposed workers and a comparison group of 35,805 nonexposed workers from 12 cities in China, we sought to characterized clinicopathologically and to confirm diagnoses of all cases of HLD. Using medical records, laboratory hematology results, and histopathology, U.S. and Chinese expert hematopathologists, blinded to exposure status, carried out a detailed review using standardized evaluation forms. Key among the findings were a notable diversity of malignant and nonneoplastic hematopoietic and lymphoproliferative disorders, documentation of excess myelodysplastic syndromes among benzene workers, and widespread dyspoiesis involving all hematopoietic cell lines. As sophisticated clinicopathologic characterization and corresponding classification schemes for HLD become increasingly widespread, it is recommended that future epidemiologic investigations of benzene workers incorporate similarly detailed morphologic evaluation. In extending follow-up of this cohort of young workers, we will continue to use all available clinical, laboratory hematology, and pathology data as well as cytogenetic and biochemical markers to characterized various HLD outcomes. These careful surveillance mechanisms should also provide additional insight into carcinogenic mechanisms of benzene and allow comparison of the molecular pathogenesis of HLD induced by benzene versus chemotherapy, radiation, or other exposure.
Adult↗
Effects of propylene glycol mannate sulfate on thrombosis in abdominal aorta in rabbits.
AIM: To study the effects of propylene glycol mannate sulfate (PGMS) on platelet adhesion, aggregation and thrombosis in abdominal aorta in rabbits. METHODS: Platelet adhesion assay was performed with a platelet-adhesion-meter. The platelet concentration was determined with an electronic particle counter, and the total radio-activity was determined with Clinigamma-1272. RESULTS: PGMS inhibited washed platelet aggregation induced by thrombin in vitro. The value of IC50 was 0.9 mg.L(-1). (95% confidence limit = 4.1-13.7 mg.L(-1). At 10, 30, and 60 min after i.v. PGMS 75 mg.kg(-1), the inhibition rates of platelet adhesion were 90.4%, 41.8%, and 26.3% and the inhibition rates of platelet aggregation induced by thrombin were 99%, 122%, and 110%, respectively. It did not exhibit any noticeable effect on platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen at this dosage. After 1.5 h of i.v. PGMS 75 mg.kg-1 and total autologous 111In-platelets 3.3 x 10(9) the radioactivity and dry weight of the injured and uninjured segments were determined. The PGMS group showed a significantly lower radioactivity (1.1 +/- 0.6 MBq), 111In-platelets (8.3 +/- s 3.3 x 10(8)) as well as the radioactivity deposited.g(-1) out of the total radioactivity infused % (0.24 +/- 0.21) compared with the control group (3.7 +/- 0.5 MBq, 24.6 +/- 3.5 x 10(8), and 0.86 +/- 0.25, respectively). CONCLUSION: PGMS prevented the platelet adhesion and aggregation at the injured arterial wall.
Animals↗
Hematopoietic malignancies and related disorders among benzene-exposed workers in China.
Although the relationship between benzene and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) is well established, most of the analytic cohort investigations examining the relationship between benzene and hematologic neoplasms have evaluated only death certificates to validate diagnoses. In a follow-up study of 74,828 benzene-exposed and 35,805 non-exposed workers in China, pathology reports, medical records, and/or histopathologic material were reviewed for all patients with hematopoietic malignancies to ensure correct classification and to provide clinicopathologic descriptions. Eighty-two patients with hematopoietic neoplasms and related disorders were identified among benzene-exposed workers, including 32 cases of acute leukemia, 7--myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 9--chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), 20--malignant lymphoma or related disorder (ML), 9--aplastic anemia, and 5 others. Among the comparison group, 13 hematologic malignancies were observed, including 6 patients with acute leukemia, 2--CGL, 3--ML, and 2 others. The hematopathologic characteristics of the benzene-exposed ANLL cases resembled those following chemotherapy or radiotherapy. ANLL in workers exposed to benzene may represent a distinct clinicopathologic entity, with characteristics similar to treatment-related ANLL, including a preceding preleukemic phase in some patients. Results in our series, one of the largest to data, also indicate that a greater diversity of hematologic neoplasms is evident among benzene-exposed workers than previously described.
Adult↗
Deficiency of phosphatidylinositol-linked membrane proteins on erythrocytes of different subpopulations in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
The surface phosphatidylinositol (PI)-linked proteins on membrane of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) erythrocytes (PNHE) was analysed by a flowcytometer (FACS 420). It was found that the loss of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and decay accelerating factor (DAF), two PI-linked proteins, from cell membrane of PNHE was not synchronous. The hemolysis rates of DAF (-) and AchE (-) PNHE were much higher than that of mixed population in cobra-venom factor (CoF) lysis test. Intact PNHE remaining after CoF lysis had relatively lower immunofluorescent labeling rate of AchE on membrane in comparison with normal erythrocytes. It implied that this subpopulation, in spite of being insensitive to complement lysis, was still abnormal in terms of the amount of PI-linked protein on cell membrane. When these intact PNHE remaining after CoF lysis were incubated with activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) for three hours, immunofluorescent labeling of AchE on PNHE was prominently decreased. This indicated that reactive oxidants released from activated PMN might injure PI-linked proteins.
Acetylcholinesterase↗
Daphnetin: a novel antimalarial agent with in vitro and in vivo activity.
Daphnetin is a dihydroxycoumarin that is being used in China for the treatment of coagulation disorders. It is also a chelator and an antioxidant. In vitro, daphnetin causes a 50% inhibition (IC50) of 3H-hypoxanthine incorporation by Plasmodium falciparum at concentrations between 25 and 40 microM. Several related compounds, such as scopoletin, 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid show no inhibitory activity. The antimalarial activity of daphnetin is inhibited by the addition of iron. Daphnetin does not appear to be an oxidant drug, since it does not spontaneously generate superoxide in vitro. However, it does alkylate bovine serum albumin when incubated in the presence of iron. In vivo, daphnetin significantly prolongs survival of P. yoelli-infected mice.
Animals↗
[Degree of cellular proliferation in the first-time bone marrow smear and its significance in the diagnosis of aplastic anemia].
According to the cellularity in the first bone marrow aspirate, 541 cases of aplastic anemia (AA) diagnosed in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital were divided into two groups--hypoplastic and hyperplastic. Comparison of the transformation, remission and long-term survival rates in the two groups showed the following results. (1) Transformation: In the hypoplastic group, 60% of the cases maintained the original degree of proliferation, 34% was transformed to hyperplastic, 3% had repeated transformation and 3% became leukemic. In the hyperplastic group, 44% maintained the original degree of proliferation, 44% was transformed to hypoplastic, 9.3% had repeated transformation and 2.7% became leukemic. (2) Remission rate: The total remission rate was 15.9% in the hypoplastic and 14.6% in the hyperplastic group. (3) Long-term survival rate: The 1-, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 70.43%, 57.66% and 51.51% in the hypoplastic group, while they were 86.7%, 71.24% and 63.34% respectively in the hyperplastic with statistical significance (P less than 0.01). It is emphasized that AA can not be ruled out if there is hyperplasia in the bone marrow smear taken for the first time or in several smears taken from the same site. Smears taken periodically from different sites are essential for correct diagnosis.
Anemia, Aplastic↗
[Physiological significance of erythrocyte deformability and its influential factors].
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Erythrocyte Deformability↗
[Report of 10 cases of multiple myeloma surviving more than 6 years].
Ten cases of multiple myeloma seen in PUMC hospital survived more than six years. 4 of them survived more than ten years. 6 patients were of IgA type. Features of those cases included: (1) symptoms mild; (2) incidence of anemia low; (3) percentage of tumor cell in bone marrow also relatively low; (4) blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and calcium normal; (5) maintenance therapy rather long. The prognostic factors and the current general situation of treatment were briefly discussed.
Adult↗
[Leukemia and solid tumor].
3 cases of leukemia after solid tumor and 2 cases of solid tumors after leukemia were reported. The features of leukemia after solid tumor and the relationship between the solid tumor and leukemia, as well as the possible pathogenetic factors of the secondary malignancies were discussed.
Adult↗
[Clinical features of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) in China as compared with those in United Kingdom].
The clinical features of 26 patients of PNH in Sheffield Blood Centre, UK and 50 cases in our hospital, observed in the same period, were compared. Each case was analysed according to the same criteria, and then comparison was made between the two groups. Results showed that in our group: male patients were more common; patients usually had mild or moderate bleeding tendency; the appearance of hemoglobinuria was delayed; abdominal pain was mostly related to hemoglobinuria but not thrombosis; pancytopenia was encountered more frequently and leucopenia as well as thrombocytopenia more remarkable; the incidence of thrombosis was not rare, but occurred rather late: thrombosis was mainly seen in superficial veins, but not veins of viscera; the major cause of death was not thromboembolism but infection. About 25% of the patients achieved long term clinical remission in both groups. None of the patients in these two series transformed to myeloproliferative disorders including acute leukemia. PNH can be considered a benign and chronic hematologic disease.
Adolescent↗
Influence of latent iron deficiency on generation of oxygen species in polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
Measurement of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) was employed to estimate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in patients with latent iron deficiency. There were no differences in the resting value of PMN CL among 20 patients with iron deficient erythropoiesis (2.92 + 0.38 number of pulses) and 20 normal controls (3.07 + 0.52; P greater than 0.05), but a significant decrease of peak value of PMN CL was observed in patients (45.82 + 7.41) as compared with controls (76.08 + 10.12; P less than 0.01). CL production by PMN in 6 patients with storage iron depletion was similar to that of 6 healthy controls. As a good correlation was found between the peak value of PMN CL and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) level, increase of FEP could serve as a clinical indicator in the evaluation of decrease of ROS generation in PMN of patients with iron deficiency. Oral iron supplementation could effectively improve the impaired PMN ROS generation.
Adult↗
[Hemochromatosis: a review of 22 Chinese cases].
22 cases of hemochromatosis were analysed. 19 cases were collected from Chinese medical journals and 3 from our hospital. We showed the similarities and differences between Chinese and western patients. The diagnosis, mode of heredity, possible pathogenesis and management of idiopathic hemochromatosis were also briefly discussed.
Adult↗
[Molecular markers of thrombosis and their clinical significance].
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Biomarkers↗
[Pharmacological deaggregation of platelet aggregation].
Antagonists of increasing concentrations were added to PRP which had exhibited irreversible aggregation and the extent of deaggregation was determined. Several classes of platelet antagonists with different mechanisms have been undertaken to reverse platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, arachidonic acid, U46619 and PAF. The results indicate that maintenance of platelet aggregation is a complex phenomenon involving multiple mechanisms which depend on agonists. Maintenance of ADP induced aggregation requires exogenous calcium and active intracellular calcium mobilization. Active intracellular calcium mobilization appears to be essential for maintaining aggregation by PAF, U46619 and arachidonic acid. But additional pathway may be operative in maintaining collagen-induced aggregation. Calmodulin inhibitors with multiple actions are effective deaggregators. Calmodulin plays a role in maintaining platelet aggregation. The present study indicates that the ability of various antagonists to reverse platelet aggregation is closely related to three factors: 1) agonists used to stimulate platelet, 2) the time period following the initiation of platelet aggregation and 3) the kinds of antagonists used.
Calcium↗