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Biomedical subjects

Z Lewandowski

Publications and source records attributed to Z Lewandowski.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Mortality of diabetic patients in Warsaw--22 year prospective observation (1973/74-1995). I. Mortality of diabetic patients with type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent-diabetes)].

In the period 1973/74-1995 a prospective observation was carried out on 4420 diabetic patients (1990 males and 2430 females) aged 30-68 years, with type 2 (non-insulin dependent diabetes) of 1-10 years duration. During the 22-years period nearly 80% of initial cohort died. The risk of death were 2-times higher in diabetes than in the samples of general population observed at the same time. The death risk from cardiovascular disease were over 3-times higher than in general population. The relevant risk ratio has been found over 5-times higher for coronary heart disease, which were unlike to results from the differences in death ascertainment between diabetics and the city dwellers. The all-causes ratio of death and cardiovascular diseases were the same for women and men but it was selectively higher for females then males group for coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases. Among diabetic cohort the risk of death was also higher for neoplasms, especially in women.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Mortality of diabetic patients in Warsaw--22 year prospective observation (1973/74-1995). II. Mortality of patients with type I diabetes (insulin-dependent-diabetes)].

During the follow-up 1973/74-1995 years 171 subjects with type 1 (insulin dependent diabetes) (105 males and 66 females) aged 18-30 years died 31.6% (32.4% males and 30.3% females). The relative risk of mortality for all causes in the compared to the general population was 5.0 (3.5 for men and 7.5 for women). Almost 30% deaths were from renal disease, 17% from ischemic heart disease, and 3 death in women from carcinoma of breast.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Risk factors of the incidence of late vascular complications of diabetes].

From the follow-up examination of 1329 out of 4420 type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes followed for 17 years, the incidence of micro and macrovascular complications (proteinuria and nephropathy, symptoms of leg vascular disease, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular events, was estimated and related to the levels of baseline-risk variables using logistic regression. For new cases of proteinuria and heavy proteinuria, hyperglycemia was the common predictor (alongside diastolic hypertension, smoking and overweight); hyperglycemia and glycosuria were among significant predictors of leg vascular disease (with duration of diabetes, smoking, male sex, diastolic hypertension, and proteinuria). On the other hand, systolic hypertension and male sex prevailed among factors predicting both ischemic heart disease (with high cholesterol and overweight), and stroke. The data confirm the higher involvement of diabetic milieu in micro than macrovascular incidents, with diabetic foot disease placed in between.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The value of diagnostic methods used to assess the response to treatment in patients with limited small cell lung carcinoma].

Tumor response is used as a main criterion whether or not the treatment yields an anticancer activity. The tumor response criteria are defined by WHO recommendation but little is known about the tests must be used. The aim of this paper was to compare the degree of response to the treatment of 268 patients with limited small cell lung cancer, using independently 3 methods: radiological, bronchoscopic and cytological of bronchial material. Particular categories of response (CR, PR NR and presence or absence of carcinomatous cells) were related to survival time of patients independently to method of assessment. Multivarinte Cox analysis selected 3 parameters related to 3 different methods as independent survival risk factors. We conclude that each of diagnostic method (chest x-ray, bronchoscopy, cytological examination of bronchial material yield independent information correlated with survival risk of particular patient.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1996

[Relationship between fasting glycemia, serum peptide C, insulin, growth hormone and plasma glucagon in acromegaly].

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to investigate interrelations among fasting glycaemia, serum C-peptide, insulin, growth hormone and plasma glucagon concentration in people with acromegaly. 22 patients with active acromegaly, 11 women and 11 men (group A) and 19 healthy people (group K) participated in the study. The oral glucose tolerance test was carried out in all participants. Blood glucose, serum C-peptide, growth hormone and plasma glucagon concentration was measured. 13 patients with acromegaly had normal glucose tolerance (group AT) and 9 had impaired glucose tolerance (group AN). Statistical analysis was performed using Student's test and regression analysis. The comparison of patients from group A and K showed, that serum growth hormone, C-peptide, insulin, blood glucose concentration in fasting state was higher in acromegaly. There were no differences in fasting plasma glucagon concentration between both groups. Fasting glycaemia was similar in patients AT and controls, but there were also higher fasting serum C-peptide and insulin concentrations in the AT group. Fasting blood glucose, serum C-peptide and insulin concentration was higher in AN group than in controls. There were no significant differences in the above parameters between AT and AN group. Analysis of regression showed the negative correlation of fasting serum growth hormone and blood glucose concentration in the group A and AT. However there was no correlation between other parameters and fasting glycaemia, in particular between fasting glycaemia and insulin concentration. Fasting glycaemia positively correlated with fasting serum insulin concentration in healthy men. The comparison of glycaemia and fasting concentration of some hormones in patients with acromegaly regarding their glucose tolerance, did not answer the question, which hormonal abnormality is the most specific for disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in acromegaly. Therefore groups of patients with markedly high of hormones in fasting state concentrations were distinguished. There was no difference in fasting glycaemia in this people compared to patients with normal or moderately elevated concentrations of hormones studied. CONCLUSIONS: There is higher fasting glycaemia in patients with acromegaly compared to healthy men. Among them one can see subjects with normal glucose tolerance that is accompanied with high serum C-peptide and insulin concentration. Disturbances of glucose-insulin interregulation occur in these people.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1995

Microbial biofilms.

Direct observations have clearly shown that biofilm bacteria predominate, numerically and metabolically, in virtually all nutrient-sufficient ecosystems. Therefore, these sessile organisms predominate in most of the environmental, industrial, and medical problems and processes of interest to microbiologists. If biofilm bacteria were simply planktonic cells that had adhered to a surface, this revelation would be unimportant, but they are demonstrably and profoundly different. We first noted that biofilm cells are at least 500 times more resistant to antibacterial agents. Now we have discovered that adhesion triggers the expression of a sigma factor that derepresses a large number of genes so that biofilm cells are clearly phenotypically distinct from their planktonic counterparts. Each biofilm bacterium lives in a customized microniche in a complex microbial community that has primitive homeostasis, a primitive circulatory system, and metabolic cooperativity, and each of these sessile cells reacts to its special environment so that it differs fundamentally from a planktonic cell of the same species.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1995

Effect of antituberculous drugs, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin, on chemiluminescence of the human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) was used to assay the effect of three antituberculous drugs [isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZA), rifampicin (RM)] on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) isolated from blood of 5 healthy donors. Drugs were added directly to the medium in concentrations; INH 5 micrograms/ml, PZA 40 micrograms/ml, RM 7 micrograms/ml. These concentrations correspond to peak serum concentrations after usual doses. RM was found to inhibit FMLP (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl -phenylalanine)-induced CL response of PMN, PZA did not influence the metabolic activity of neutrophils, and INH stimulated PMN CL.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1994

[Lactate metabolism in acute myocardial infarction].

In 18 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to the Cardiological Care Department within 6 hours after the onset of chest pain, before administration of drugs and then in the 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 7th day, the levels of glucose, pyruvate, lactate in venous blood, the lactate/pyruvate ratio (L/P) and pH, actual hydrocarbons, PCO2 and PO2 in capillary arterialized were determined. Depending on the clinical status at admission the patients were classified into 2 groups: I--without complications (I class according to Killip-Kimbal; n = 10), and II--with complications (II-IV class of cardiac failure according to Killip-Kimbal and/or complex ventricular arrhythmias e.i. III-V class according to Lown and heart block of Mobitz--type II and III degree; n = 8). None of the patients had diabetes, chronic respiratory tract diseases, renal failure and liver cirrhosis. The control group consisted of 11 healthy persons. On the first day of myocardial infarction, the significant increase of blood glucose, lactate, pyruvate, as well as significant decrease of blood pH, HCO3- and PO2, and non significant increase of L/P ratio were observed in both groups as compared to the control group. Also there were non significant difference of the glucose, lactate, pyruvate L/P ratio and pH, PCO2 and HCO3- values between the I and II group on the first day of the acute myocardial infarction, with exception of the PO2, which was significantly lower in the group II. In the following days an increase of PO2 was observed. Since this effect coincided with a decrease of lactate concentration (significant only in the group II) it could be concluded, that the observed decrease of the lactate concentration resulted from the higher supply of oxygen. The obtained results have shown, that increase of glycaemia values and decrease of PO2 values may be considered as biochemical markers for hemodynamic complications of acute myocardial infarction.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1993

[Impairment of bronchial reactivity in patients with diabetes mellitus type I].

Bronchial provocation tests (histamine and acetylcholine) were performed in 40 subjects (30 of them with type 1 diabetes, and 10 healthy volunteers) without any history of respiratory disease, not smoking and not taking any bronchodilating drugs. Bronchial reactivity was assessed using PC20 estimated spirographically by measuring FEV1. The patients were classified into three groups according to the duration of the disease: group I (0-7 yrs), group II (8-15), and group III (> 15). In all the three groups diabetes was at a similar degree of compensation, as evaluated by the mean circadian glycaemia, serum fructosamine and the Schlichtkrull Mw index. Bronchial reactivity to acetylcholine and histamine decreased with diabetes duration. Reaction to acetylcholine was statistically lower after 7 years of diabetes. An autonomic neuropathy was detected within the respiratory system, parallel to tachycardia at rest, alteration of the Valsalva test and orthostatic hypotension.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides. I: Preventive intraperitoneal calcium administration].

UNLABELLED: The effect was studied of intraperitoneal intake of calcium on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in the rats. Two groups of Wistar were studied: G--in the first group gentamicin was injected in single daily dose 100 mg/kg b.w. subcutaneously, GCa--in the second group gentamicin was given s.c. and calcium intraperitoneal in single daily dose 45 mg Ca++/kg b.w. Results were evaluated after 3, 7, and 10 days of gentamicin injections and after ten days of gentamicin removal, Mean creatinine level after ten days of gentamicin administration was in G group 4.52 +/- 0.77 mg%, GCa--1.87 +/- 0.21 mg%, p less than 0.02, mean urea 192. 62 +/- 21.88 mg%, 77.09 +/- 8.68 mg%, p less than 0.01, serum calcium 8.39 +/- 0.15 mg%, 9.96 +/- 0.21 mg%, p less than 0.001, gentamicin in the renal cortex 384.68 +/- 67.62 micrograms/g tissue, 327.38 +/- 81.89 micrograms/g tissue p less than 0.05. Urinary calcium excretion was higher in the GCa group than in the group of control rats. Statistical differences were significant after 3 and 7 days of gentamicin intake. Differences were found also in the light and electron microscopic examination. CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal calcium loading significantly reduced the gentamicin nephrotoxicity in the rats and lowered gentamicin level in the renal cortex of the rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides. II. Preventive studies with oral administration of verapamil].

The effect was studied of oral verapamil administration in two different doses on gentamicin nephrotoxicity. Three groups of Wistar male rats were studied: 1) treated with gentamicin 100 mg/kg b.w. subcutaneously, 2) treated with gentamicin s.c. and verapamil 5 mg/100 ml given in drinking water, 3) treated with gentamicin s.c. and verapamil 20 mg/100 ml. The examinations were performed after 3, 7 and 10 days of gentamicin administration and after 10 days of gentamicin removal. Oral verapamil administration in these doses did not prevent the renal functional and histological damage after gentamicin administration. Renal cortex content of gentamicin was lower only after 3 days of gentamicin administration (statistically significantly) in the verapamil groups.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[Nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides. III. Preventive studies with subcutaneous administration of converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril].

The effect was studied of the converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) on the gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats. Captopril 25 mg/kg b.w. and gentamicin 100 mg/kg b.w. were injected subcutaneously in a single daily dose. Three groups of Wistar male rats were studied: 1) treated with gentamicin 3 and 7 days, 2) treated with gentamicin and captopril, 3) treated with captopril. The mean serum creatinine and urea levels and proteinuria in the second group were significantly higher than in the first one. Light and electron microscopy examinations demonstrated increased renal cortex damage in the second group. There were not differences between mean urea and creatinine levels in the third examined group and normal rats. Mechanism of gentamicin nephrotoxicity enhancement in the second group is unknown.

Animals↗