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Biomedical subjects

Z Khan

Publications and source records attributed to Z Khan.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Active management of preterm labour and preterm prelabour rupture of membranes.

Hundred cases of preterm labour (before 36 weeks) with cervix 4 cm or less dilated and preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (excluding cases of uterine overdistension, maternal medical disorders and fetal congenital abnormalities) were treated with bed rest and sedation. Labour set in within 2-6 days with high fetal morbidity and mortality. Another fifty similar patients were given in addition to rest in hospital for 48 hours, 1000 ml of 5% dextrose in six hours, intravenous antibiotics (after sending off cultures from the vagina per speculum), corticosteroids and a single dose of analgesia/sedation injection. In 85% painful contractions ceased and membranes stopped leaking until near term. In 10% painful contractions ceased, but leakage continued for 2-7 weeks, and the gain in intrauterine life led to 100% neonatal survival with short hospital stay in the neonates born after 31 weeks. Only 5% failed to respond to treatment and after delivery these premature neonates developed pneumonia and septicaemia from the same organisms that were colonizing their maternal genital tract and had entered the fetus via the infected amniotic fluid. It is recommended that all patients in preterm labour or preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (excluding overdistension) be given besides bed rest and sedation, corticosteroids and antibiotics intravenously for 48 hours and then orally for eight more days. Tocolytics are not recommended. This regime saves babies.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1993

Isolation and identification of N-terminally extended forms of 5-oxoprolylglutamylprolinamide (Glp-Glu-Pro-NH2), a thyrotropin-releasing-hormone (TRH)-like peptide present in human semen.

N-terminally extended forms of 5-oxoprolylglutamylprolinamide (Glp-Glu-Pro-NH2), a thyrotropin-releasing-hormone(TRH)-like peptide associated with the male reproductive system, were isolated from human semen by gel exclusion on Sephadex G50, ion-exchange chromatography on SP-Sephade C25 and QAE-Sephadex A25, and by HPLC. The peptides were located by trypsin-catalysed release of their C-terminal fragments which were detected by RIA with a TRH-specific antibody. A series of overlapping peptides containing 16, 18, 22 and 25 residues was obtained in homogeneous form and their sequences were determined by automatic Edman degradation. The peptides all terminated in -Lys-Gln-Glu-Pro-NH2 and were found to correspond to sequences occurring between residues 350-374 of semenogelin, a protein present in human semen. In semenogelin, however, the Gln-Glu-Pro sequence is followed by tryptophan and not glycine which is normally essential for formation of the C-terminal amide group. Model experiments with the synthetic peptide Glp-Glu-Pro-Trp showed that under a range of experimental conditions the tetrapeptide did not undergo conversion to Glp-Glu-Pro-NH2. This would indicate that the tripeptide and its extended forms are generated from a precursor that is related to semenogelin but in which Trp375 is replaced by glycine.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Role of detrusor instability in primary enuresis.

We studied 50 enuretic boys and girls by supine cystometry. Detrusor instability was found in 74 percent of the cases. The mean threshold volume at which detrusor instability was demonstrated was 200 mL. The mean bladder capacity of age-matched nonenuretic children was 325 mL. We consider detrusor instability at this reduced threshold volume to be the main cause of primary enuresis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

RadioVisioGraphy of the temporomandibular joint: comparisons with transcranial radiography.

RadioVisioGraphy (RVG), a new digital imaging technique, is compared to conventional transcranial radiographic imaging of the temporomandibular joint. The results of this study using fixed human cadaver specimens revealed an excellent correlation between the recorded images and the actual anatomic specimens. Dosimetry, using a beryllium-windowed ionization chamber, showed a 64% dose reduction with charge-coupled device (CCD) when compared to standard film-screen combination.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Clinical applications of a polyphosphazene-based resilient denture liner.

The use of resilient denture liners provides an invaluable modality in removable prosthodontic treatment. Treatment of atrophic mandibles, preoperative and postoperative soft tissue management, and retention of removable prosthesis are a few applications of these materials. This article describes the clinical application of a polyphosphazene-based liner (Novus, Hygenic Corp, Dayton, OH) as a denture liner and retentive material in conventional and implant overdenture rehabilitation.

Dental Implants↗
PubMed1992

Isolation and identification of two neutral thyrotropin releasing hormone-like peptides, pyroglutamylphenylalanineproline amide and pyroglutamylglutamineproline amide, from human seminal fluid.

Two tripeptide amides with stuctures similar to thyrotropin releasing hormone were isolated from human seminal fluid and their amino acid sequences determined. The peptides were purified by gel exclusion from Sephadex G50 and were detected by radioimmunoassay with thyrotropin releasing hormone antibody; in addition, N-terminally extended forms were demonstrated by radioimmunoassay after trypsin digestion. Further purification of the tripeptides was by chromatography on SP-Sephadex C25 and by high performance liquid chromatography on C18 Microbondapak using an HCl/acetonitrile gradient. After exclusion from mini-columns of SP-Sephadex C25 and DEAE-Sephadex A25, two neutral peptides were obtained in homogeneous form by high performance liquid chromatography with an HCl/methanol gradient. Amino acid analysis gave the following compositions: Glu, 0.74, Phe, 1.0, Pro, 1.0; and Glu, 1.72, Pro, 1.0. Both peptides possessed a blocked N terminus, but after opening the pyroglutamyl ring the sequences Glu-Phe-Pro and Glu-Glx-Pro were demonstrated. The chromatographic properties of the endogenous peptides were identical to the properties of the corresponding synthetic peptides. The structure of pGlu-Phe-Pro (where p-indicates pyro-) amide was confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The presence in human semen of three structurally related peptides, pGlu-Phe-Pro amide, pGlu-Gln-Pro amide, and the previously reported pGlu-Glu-Pro amide (Cockle, S. M., Aitken, A., Beg, F., and Smyth, D. G. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 7788-7791), suggests that this series of peptides may have evolved to fulfil complementary biological roles.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Oral commissure expansion prosthesis.

An expansion prosthesis to stretch commissures and fibrotic muscles is often essential for patients recovering from head and neck trauma or burns. The prosthesis is easily made in one appointment using Triad resin and a 7 mm expansion screw. Depending on the frequency of use, varying degrees of opening of the jaws can be obtained. The prosthesis is inexpensive to make and can easily be modified as needed. It is convenient for use because the patient controls the pressure that is applied by the prosthesis.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1992

One-appointment construction of an immediate transitional complete denture using visible light-cured resin.

A technique is described for construction of an immediate transitional complete denture in one appointment using self-curing tooth color and visible light-cured resins. Conventional immediate denture therapy may be too prolonged for medically or physically compromised patients. This alternative treatment reduces laboratory, dentist, and patient time, thereby providing a fast and economical service.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1992

Neurogenic bladder in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

This is the first report of incidence of neurogenic bladder in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and emphasizes that it is a significant cause of various voiding dysfunctions in these patients. Neurologic disease occurs in about one third of patients with AIDS. Both central and peripheral nervous systems may be involved. Urodynamic evaluation is necessary for assessment and management of neurogenic voiding disorders in this group of patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Post-prostatectomy incontinence. A urodynamic and fluoroscopic point of view.

Sixty-three male patients suffering from post-prostatectomy incontinence were studied by urodynamics and fluoroscopy. In almost half the patients (49%) the sole cause of incontinence was detrusor instability. Incontinence due to damage of the sphincter mechanism was present in less than half of the patients (47%). However, almost half of these patients (53%) had concomitant detrusor instability. Only a small number of patients (4%) had incontinence due to other causes. It appears that post-prostatectomy incontinence is not always due to a surgical misadventure. Many older patients may have preexisting neurologic disorders (e.g., Parkinson disease, diabetic autonomic neuropathy, alcoholic neuropathy, and various spinal cord disorders) which can profoundly affect the outcome of prostatic surgery. Detrusor instability should be considered when evaluating post-prostatectomy incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Neurogenic bladder in neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Urinary retention or incontinence is not an infrequent clinical finding in patients with neuroleptic malignant syndrome. We studied the pathophysiology of this voiding disorder by urodynamic testing. It revealed involuntary bladder contraction and rigidity of external sphincter (dyskinesia). These findings are analogous to those in Parkinson disease patients and support the dopamine deficiency theory as the cause of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Hospital and other influences on the uptake and maintenance of breast feeding: the development of infant feeding policy in a district.

Hospital practices in the post-natal period are now recognised as one of a wide range of influences affecting the success of breast feeding. A study of 48 non-medical maternity unit staff and 250 recently delivered mothers at a District General Hospital was carried out in order to identify obstacles and sources of support in the establishment and maintenance of breast feeding. This study formed part of an evaluation of local policy development which included the appointment of a Baby Feeding Adviser. Eighty-two percent of mothers (95% confidence interval; 87.0-96.4) began breast feeding, and this fell to 57.4% (50.6-64.2) at 6 weeks. A majority of mothers reported that advice was at least partly conflicting, and of those who began breast feeding 92.7% had used supplements within 2 days. In multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with a lower rate of initial breast feeding were: non-attendance at antenatal classes, Caucasian ethnicity, social class and religious denomination. Social factors were much less important in the maintenance of breast feeding, but mothers who had undergone Caesarian section were more likely to give up breast feeding by 6 weeks. The reported quality of advice and support from the hospital and community were not associated with the maintenance of breast feeding. Many of the maternity unit midwifery staff reported inadequate time for discussion of feeding with mothers. Although two-thirds of the staff felt that there should be an infant feeding policy or were not sure, most of those favouring a policy felt that it should not actively promote breast feeding. Their main reason for this view was the fear of inducing guilt in bottle-feeding mothers. The social and service-related factors associated with the initiation and maintenance of breast feeding may be useful for targeting additional support for some mothers. The ambivalence and concerns among maternity unit midwifery staff about promoting breast feeding must be addressed if successful policy implementation is to be achieved. Plans for implementing change and evaluation are described.

Adult↗