Retinoblastoma gene promoter directs transgene expression exclusively to the nervous system.
In human, germ line mutations in the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma (Rb) predispose individuals to retinoblastoma, whereas somatic inactivation of Rb contributes to the progression of a large spectrum of cancers. In mice, Rb is highly expressed in restricted cell lineages including the neurogenic, myogenic, and hematopoietic systems, and disruption of the gene leads to specific embryonic defects in these tissues. The symmetry between Rb expression and the defects in mutant mice suggest that transcriptional control of Rb during embryogenesis is pivotal for normal development. We have initiated studies to dissect the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of Rb during development by promoter lacZ transgenic analysis. DNA sequences up to 6 kilobase pairs upstream of the mouse Rb promoter, isolated from two different genomic libraries, directed transgene expression exclusively to the developing nervous system, excluding skeletal muscles and liver. Expression of the transgene in the central and peripheral nervous systems, including the retina, recapitulated the expression of endogenous Rb during embryogenesis. A promoter region spanning approximately 250 base pairs upstream of the transcriptional starting site was sufficient to confer expression in the central and peripheral nervous systems. To determine whether this expression pattern was conserved, we isolated the human Rb 5' genomic region and generated transgenic mice expressing lacZ under control of a 1.6-kilobase pair human Rb promoter. The human Rb promoter lacZ mice also expressed the transgene primarily in the nervous system in several independent lines. Thus, transgene expression directed by both the human and mouse Rb promoters is restricted to a subset of tissues in which Rb is normally expressed during embryogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that regulatory elements directing Rb expression to the nervous system are delineated within a well defined core promoter and are regionally separated from elements, yet to be identified, that are required for expression of Rb in the developing hematopoietic and skeletal muscle systems.